This is a manually maintained list. Editors are welcomed to update this list to reflect the latest consensus. Remember to also update the revision ID listed above to help track the changes.
Date range (date). Should have one of the comparison operators (=, >, <, >=, <=) plus a date (yyyy or yyyy-MM or yyyy-MM-dd). Comma (,) and semicolon (;) separators are used to represent AND and OR logic, respectively.
Technical details: The reliability categories are applied in the following order: blacklisted > deprecated > generally unreliable > marginally reliable > multi (varied reliability) > generally reliable. When date range rules are present, they always take precedence. Therefore, we encourage rules to be as specific as ever, and always include date ranges if they are part of the source evaluation.
— Boulevard Voltaire. A far-right opinion website. Discussions indicate that its content is generally considered potentially unreliable. The site has been blacklisted, making it impossible to use as a source.
— Breakingnews. A clickbait website publishing articles based on poor-quality automatic translations of articles from other foreign-language media. Has been added to the local blacklist.
— Breitbart. An ultra-conservative American media outlet that has knowingly spread false information, conspiracy theories, or neo-Nazi-leaning content. Participants in the discussion concluded that information from this source cannot be considered reliable. Site placed on the local blacklist.
— City-Data. A site owned by Advameg that republishes content without permission. It is blacklisted for copyright infringement; it is preferable to use the original encyclopedias directly.
— Le Courrier des stratèges. An online journal covering foreign policy and French current affairs. Some of its articles engage in source misrepresentation; the site is on the French Wikipedia blacklist.
— Covidinfos.net. Considered unreliable by Le Monde's Décodex and by NewsGuard. Insufficient quality to be used as a Wikipedia source. Site placed on the local blacklist.
— Égalité et Réconciliation. An association founded by Alain Soral. Given the group's denialist and conspiracy-theory positions, discussion participants concluded that it is not considered a reliable source. Site placed on the local blacklist.
— everybodywiki.com. The wiki where anyone can write their own autobiography if their subject is not eligible for Wikipedia. Site placed on the local blacklist.
— Frontières. A fringe far-right outlet, previously named Livre noir, that does not comply with journalistic ethics and has spread false information, leading to its blacklisting.
— Ohmymag.com. An entertainment-oriented news website. Discussion participants concluded that it is a clickbait factory rather than a quality press outlet; the site has been added to the blacklist.
— Planet.fr. A website from the Erold group, with a marketing-based business model. The site contains both "genuine" articles repurposing content from various press sources without added value, and disguised advertising (native advertising). Added to the blacklist.
— American Thinker. It emerged from the discussion that it is a source flagged as posing a risk of misinformation. Participants in the discussion felt that it was biased and unreliable, and should therefore be avoided.
— Arrêt sur info is similar to a blog, without an editorial staff. Based on the site's legal notices and secondary sources, participants in the discussion concluded that it was not a reliable source.
— Capcampus. Discussions concluded that this site, managed by a consulting firm, lacks the independence required to be considered a reliable secondary source.
— Chateau-fort-manoir-chateau. An anonymous personal website where anyone can submit their own historical entry. Not considered a reliable, quality secondary source.
— CNews. Discussions have led contributors to conclude that this outlet is broadly regarded by other press organizations as unreliable, seeking to promote the viewpoints of the Bolloré group through its commentators at the expense of journalistic ethics. It is recommended to use this source with great caution, or not at all.
— Dailygeekshow.com. A buzz-oriented website. It has not been the subject of in-depth discussions, but the site's sensationalist editorial line has led several contributors to consider it an unreliable source (particularly to be avoided for any scientific topic).
— Daily Mail. A British tabloid/celebrity scandal newspaper. Its reliability is questionable and it tends to publish sensationalist articles; English Wikipedia decided in 2017 to discourage its use.
— E-Littérature. A literary criticism website fed by contributors, some of whom are anonymous. The brief discussion concluded that it is not a quality source for Wikipedia.
— euro-synergies.hautetfort.com. A personal blog with no particular authority, also republishing translated posts from other blogs. Considered an unreliable source.
— Factuel. A French online outlet that existed in 2023–2024 with a right-to-far-right editorial line. Discussion participants noted that it proved biased and at times unreliable, and that its future was uncertain.
— Fandom. A wiki hosting service, mostly used by fans. Discussion participants concluded that, per the "Wikipedia is not a reliable source" policy, information from these wikis cannot be considered reliable. The sources cited by these wikis may, however, be sufficiently reliable to be used directly.
— Geneanet.org. A genealogy website offering a database fed by its users. The consensus built up through various discussions recommends against using this site, which is considered unreliable, particularly with regard to verifiability.
— Grands-avocats.com. A website with unknown editors/authors, which the discussion treats as equivalent to a personal blog. The promotional nature of some of its profiles has also been noted.
— Heritage.org. The website of the Heritage Foundation, an ultra-conservative American think tank. It spreads misinformation on certain topics such as climate. In general, most discussion participants concluded that it is not a reliable source for Wikipedia. It is also blacklisted on English Wikipedia due to its attempts to dox Wikipedia editors.
— Info du Jour. A site launched in 2016 by a journalist from Lorraine, Marcel Gay. Considered by the community to be unreliable, as it republishes unfounded rumors (notably anti-vaccine content).
— Jeuxvideo.com. The site was considered a reference until its change of ownership in 2014. Discussion participants noted a decline in article quality and recommend using other sources, given a reliability level judged to be very low.
— Maddyness.com. A non-independent source whose purpose is to advertise client companies: companies can pay to be featured in articles (brand content). A purely promotional outlet.
— Médiaterre. A site that republishes dispatches and press releases on a collaborative basis open to anyone upon registration, with no editorial responsibility, while reserving the right to insert advertising. It has no journalists. As such, it is closer to an unreliable advertising site and should be avoided.
— Mémoire des luttes. A left-wing activist site focused on Latin America. Discussion participants concluded that it is not a reliable secondary source and that its use is discouraged.
— Nautiljon. A news site specializing in Asian culture. As its contributors are volunteers with no editorial oversight, discussion participants concluded that this source should be avoided.
— Notre-planete.info. A general environmental and climate information site that spread misinformation about vaccines and the Covid-19 pandemic from 2021 onwards. Considered unreliable and to be avoided by discussion participants.
— La Nouvelle Revue d'histoire. A specialist journal with a far-right political classification. Contains articles written by non-historians, or synthesizing pre-existing works by historians. Depending on the case, to be removed or replaced by the corresponding academic secondary sources.
— Omnia Veritas. Discussion participants concluded that this publisher, which publishes antisemitic, conspiracy-theory, and denialist authors, is not a quality source — not to be used either as a source or in bibliographies.
— Osidimbea.cm. A Cameroonian website dedicated to the country's "living memory." Discussion participants concluded that it is not an independent secondary source, as the site publishes articles on demand and relies in part on Wikipedia as a source, creating a risk of circular information.
— Patrimoine culturel immatériel en France. A site whose legal notices state that it is intended to incorporate content from Wikipedia. Discussion participants concluded that it cannot be considered a usable source.
— Pervi Kanal. Quality press sources indicate that Pervi Kanal is dependent on the Russian state, whose views it broadcasts uncritically, leading it to spread factually false information.
— Planète grandes écoles. A blog run by current and former grandes écoles students to promote those institutions. It has no legal notices, no CPPAP registration, and no editorial board. This source does not present the hallmarks of a reliable secondary source.
— PR Newswire. Its use as a reliable secondary source is discouraged. It is a public relations company, owned by Cision, specializing in the distribution of press releases.
— Russia Beyond. A site owned by the Rossia Sevodnia agency, Russia's official international communication body. Discussion participants concluded that it should be avoided, or if used, that its positioning should be clearly contextualized.
— SANA. The website of the Syrian government press agency SANA, which according to EUvsDisInfo has a long history of fabricating and falsifying information to serve the Assad regime. Discussion participants concluded that it should be avoided.
— Santé+ Mag. A health information site with no identifiable sources or authors. Despite its claims, it does not cite its sources and refuses any responsibility for its content. Discussion participants concluded that it is unreliable in all circumstances and that other sources should be preferred.
— Sciencepost. A media outlet presenting scientific information generated at least in part by generative AI, and in some cases possibly plagiarized. Blacklisted in October 2025. While its content is not necessarily false, a precautionary principle has been adopted and its use for Wikipedia editing is to be avoided.
— Sputnik news. The website of the Sputnik news agency, considered by NewsGuard among others to relay the positions of the Russian state and spread misinformation. Discussion participants concluded that it should be avoided, or if used, that its positioning should be clearly contextualized.
— Valeurs actuelles. A magazine with a far-right political orientation. Discussions emphasize that it should only be used to complement a quality secondary source, with careful attention to the undue weight policy.
— Afrique Asie. A politically engaged and activist magazine “dedicated to the liberation struggle of oppressed peoples,” founded in 1972. Following an initial bankruptcy filing in 2005, the magazine was relaunched; however, its credibility has been tarnished by the fact that it republishes articles originally posted on conspiracy theory websites and praises media outlets known for spreading propaganda. The magazine ceased publication in October 2017; however, a website of the same name continues to republish articles that have appeared on conspiracy theory websites or sites spreading fake news.
— Originally dedicated to art, the website (which focuses primarily on public communication) also contains “revelations” that the community unambiguously labels as disinformation. It cannot be considered a reliable secondary source.
— Atlantico. A news website that primarily publishes opinion pieces and interviews with “experts” of varying credentials (ranging from anonymous bloggers to university professors). Participants in the discussions highlighted the publication of unreliable articles—some of which amounted to disinformation—on several topics, including climate change.
— The website of AZERTAC, Azerbaijan’s state-run news agency, which is considered a vehicle for state propaganda and disinformation. Participants in the discussion felt that it should be avoided, or, if used, that its stance should be put into context.
— Babelio is a website that operates as a social cataloging web application. Discussions about it indicate that this site, which is contributed to by readers (and even by readers using Wikipedia entries), can be used as a primary source for verifying factual information.
— Blog du modérateur. A blog “aimed at web professionals,” published by the company HelloWork, with an editorial team that does not claim to practice journalism. The discussion tends to conclude that the site cannot be considered a high-quality secondary source.
— Brut. A pure player that broadcasts short videos on social media. This outlet mixes news (often superficial), entertainment, and branded content. The discussion notes that it is rarely usable as a secondary source on Wikipedia.
— Cameroon Voice. A site mixing unsigned editorials ("La Rédaction"), biased signed opinion pieces, and republished disinformation articles. Mostly unreliable, except for news concerning Cameroon.
— Causeur. A polemical online journal, primarily of "conservative, sovereigntist, and republican" inspiration. Its reliability is disputed. The discussion concluded that it may be used to complement a quality secondary source (while respecting the undue weight policy).
— China Intercontinental Press. A multimedia communication body aimed at foreign audiences, under the direct supervision of the State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China, whose primary function is the "production of propaganda content".
— Conflits. Discussions led a large majority of contributors to conclude that using it as a source requires at minimum considerable caution and particular attention to the undue weight policy, as Conflits does not appear to be a reference journal (let alone an academic one) in its field, and also publishes opinion pieces (and even disinformation, on climate change) unrelated to geopolitics.
— Contrepoints. A website of liberal inspiration. Its reliability is disputed. The consensus is to use it only to complement a quality secondary source (while respecting the undue weight policy).
— Daily Telegraph New Zealand. A site founded in October 2021, presenting itself as an "alternative news source" and drawing on content from RT News, Sputnik News, and TeleSUR. Considered an unreliable source.
— Doctissimo. A health and wellness website covering medical and paramedical topics, hosting both articles and discussion forums. It is sometimes treated as a whole and is generally considered unreliable, to be replaced by higher-quality sources (2012).
— L'Étudiant. The letudiant.fr website is published by a company that organizes trade fairs whose clients are the very subjects of its articles. Discussion participants concluded that in this context, it cannot be considered an independent secondary source.
— Epoch Times. A multilingual newspaper specializing in spreading conspiracy theories, linked to the Falun Gong spiritual movement. "Deprecated" on the English-language Wikipedia. The discussion on French Wikipedia indicates that it is not a reliable secondary source.
— The European. A site aggregating summaries of content from other media, with no editorial team listed, accessible by subscription. Discussion participants concluded that it is not a quality secondary source, and that it is preferable to link directly to the original source(s).
— L'Express-éducation. The website is published by a consulting firm. Discussion participants concluded that in this context, it cannot be considered an independent secondary source.
— Le Figaro Étudiant. The website is published by an advertising agency. Discussion participants concluded that in this context, it cannot be considered a secondary source.
— Le Figaro Étudiant Pro. A media outlet that produces sponsored content for brands that commission it. It therefore cannot be considered a reliable source. It is a distinct outlet from Le Figaro Étudiant.
— FranceSoir. A website, remnant of the general daily newspaper France-Soir liquidated in 2012, which has had no journalists since October 21, 2019. Discussions conclude that it is therefore treated as a blog, and secondary sources have described it as conspiracy-oriented since 2020.
— Frenchweb.fr. A website dedicated to French startups, particularly in the digital sector, published by Decode Media SAS. Frenchweb is not an independent secondary source, as the site offers brand content: companies can pay to be featured in an article (report, interview, etc.).
— Legrandsoir.info. A site self-described as a "militant alternative information journal." It publishes texts from both identified, known authors and anonymous contributors. Beyond its militant stance, it has been accused of being unreliable.
— L'Impertinent. A Swiss website with journalists, but very little-known; the discussion found no quality sources mentioning it or picking up its reporting, and therefore concluded that it cannot be considered a quality source on Wikipedia.
— Imago mundi. A site that reproduces content from external, sometimes outdated sources without citing them, making it impossible to verify or attribute its content. As the author holds no recognized authority in the many fields covered, it cannot be considered a reliable source.
— L'Incorrect. A magazine with a far-right political orientation. Its reliability is disputed. Discussions emphasize that it should only be used to complement a quality secondary source, with careful attention to the undue weight policy.
— JeuxCollector.Fr. A French video game website with no editorial oversight and unknown contributors. Considered unreliable by the Video Games Project.
— Journal du Geek. Discussions conclude that Le Journal du Geek's content is not guaranteed by any editorial independence standards, making it unsuitable for use as a secondary source.
— Konbini. An infotainment website whose use is discouraged for pupils and students by the CLEMI. The site is primarily funded through various forms of sponsored content, including content marketing and native advertising. Discussion participants concluded that it cannot be considered a quality secondary source.
— Le Journal du Dimanche (JDD). Until 2023, a moderate outlet that rarely took sides. Since then, it has become an opinion outlet belonging to the Bolloré group, serving identitarian ideas and the "union of the right." It takes strongly biased positions and has at times published false or dubious information.
— Mac4ever.com. Discussion participants concluded that this site resembles a blog and cannot be considered a secondary source capable, for example, of establishing the notability of a subject for a dedicated article.
— Le Club de Mediapart. A blogging platform hosted by Mediapart, but whose content is not produced by Mediapart's editorial team; anyone can create a blog. The standard recommendations on blog usage apply.
— Medium. A blogging platform that also hosts sponsored posts. The use of blogs is generally discouraged on Wikipedia, except in specific cases (a blog by a person recognized as an authority in the field, or used as a primary source supported by a secondary source, etc.). Some moderation exists on the platform, with certain articles being removed.
— Melty. An infotainment website whose use is discouraged for pupils and students by the CLEMI. The site is primarily funded through various forms of sponsored content, including content marketing and native advertising. Discussion participants concluded that it cannot be considered a quality secondary source.
— La Mémoire du Pad. A site specializing in old video game emulation, considered unreliable by the Video Games Project as it is a fansite with no editorial oversight.
— Monde des grandes écoles. A French media outlet publishing content aimed at higher education students and businesses. Discussions highlighted a lack of independence regarding its recurring subjects: companies, executives, and student organizations. It is more of a communications vehicle than a journalistic news outlet.
— Non-stop-people.com. The website of the television channel Non Stop People, a tabloid outlet. Briefly mentioned as low quality in a discussion that reached no clear conclusion.
— Observatoire du journalisme (OJIM). Discussion participants concluded that the OJIM resembles a far-right political blog with no recognized expertise in its stated subject matter, namely the media.
— Science & Vie. A monthly popular science magazine. Since March 2021, numerous sources have highlighted a problematic blending of advertising and scientific content, and the absence of qualified science journalists in the editorial team. The relevance and accuracy of both the magazine and the website should be treated with great caution.
— Silicon.fr. A professional IT news website. Note that some articles are "sponsored" (advertising); a subdomain of the site has been blacklisted for this reason.
— Theatre-contemporain.net. An unreliable source: unsigned articles, subjects are able to supplement their own biographies, and no edit history tracking. Reviews are mainly links to external sites, which are preferable to use directly.
— Toupie. An anonymous blog. Although no anomalies have been identified, the self-published sources policy applies and participants concluded that it is not a reliable source.
— Valeurs actuelles Le Club Valeurs. A platform of Valeurs actuelles (see above) intended as a space for debate and ideas. Discussion participants concluded that Club Valeurs is a primary source usable for verifying factual elements.
— VGChartz. A website specializing in compiling video game sales data. Generally considered unreliable by the Video Games Project. Use of its sales data is to be avoided.
— The Video Game Critic. An amateur video game website with no editorial oversight and very brief reviews. Considered unreliable by the Video Games Project.
— Acrimed. A secondary source of media analysis and criticism, organized as an association and politically aligned with the left. Its use is regularly debated; in any case, evaluate the proportion.
— Agence Bretagne Presse, contrary to what its name suggests, is not a news agency. The website publishes a variety of content, including press releases, and is not considered in and of itself to be a high-quality secondary source.
— Aleteia is a Catholic news website affiliated with the Foundation for Evangelization through the Media, which is closely associated with the Vatican. The subdomain fr.aleteia.org can be considered a biased source and should be used with caution and cross-checked against other sources. The subdomain questions.aleteia.org is more of a primary source.
— arXiv is an open-access archive of electronic preprints that brings together scientific publications of varying reliability. Discussions indicate that this site hosts articles that can be used as sources once they are published in a peer-reviewed journal (in accordance with Wikipedia:Reliable sources and undue weight), though this is less certain in the case of a proposal that has not yet been published.
— Bondy Blog is a participatory media outlet focused on disadvantaged neighborhoods. According to some observers, it aligns with Muslim community-based demands, while other sources view it as a high-quality media outlet. It may be used as a secondary source in accordance with Wikipedia:Reliable sources and undue weight.
— Bon Pote. A blog focused on issues related to the climate crisis and written by a single author. For this reason—and although its reliability is not in question—it should be used in accordance with “Wikipedia:Reliable sources and undue weight”.
— Citypopulation. A personal website run by a professor of geoinformatics, aggregating population statistics from various countries based on official national sources. The consensus is to prefer citing official national sources directly.
— Conspiracy Watch. An information site dedicated to reporting on manifestations of conspiracy theories and denialism in the media and political movements. Considered a recognized and reliable source, though often contested in discussions surrounding far-right topics.
— Contretemps. A far-left, Marxist-oriented political news website. It may be used as a secondary source, with caution and in conjunction with a quality source (while respecting the undue weight policy).
— Donetsk News Agency. Little information is available about this source, which is published by pro-Russian separatists from the Donbass. The discussion indicated that it should therefore be treated as a partisan primary source.
— Europe 1. A general-interest radio station long considered reliable. Its reliability has been questioned in a 2024 discussion, as the station, acquired in 2021 by Vincent Bolloré, has undergone an editorial shift toward the far right, replacing journalists with commentators, potentially making it more of an opinion outlet than a news one, in the vein of CNews. The reliability of programs featuring other types of contributors (e.g. historians) was also raised during the discussion. Further subsequent discussions have also called its reliability into question.
— L'Express (Maurice). One of the main daily newspapers of Mauritius. An independent newspaper, owned by the La Sentinelle group, and considered close to the business community.
— Fashion Network. A news website dedicated to the fashion industry economy, aimed at professionals in the field. Articles are written by journalists, though some have a promotional tone.
— FigaroVox. A platform on lefigaro.fr intended as a space for debate and ideas. Discussion participants concluded that FigaroVox is a primary source usable for verifying factual elements.
— Forbes. A well-known American business magazine known for its rankings (companies, large fortunes, etc.). The English version (forbes.com) also hosts a "Contributor" or "Subscriber" space that functions as a blog and should therefore be treated as such.
— The French version (forbes.fr), produced under franchise by the 360 Business Media group with an editorial team entirely independent from the English version, contains sponsored content identified by a "Brandvoice" author logo and contributors labeled "Contributeur"; several press investigations have described it as dominated by disguised advertising. As of April 2026, the French version (forbes.fr) ceased publication.
— Fox News Channel. An American 24-hour news television channel. Discussion participants concluded that Fox News is a primary source usable for verifying factual elements. As a secondary source, it should be used sparingly, per the discussion.
— Gala.fr. The website is a primary source usable for verifying factual elements, with proper attribution. To be distinguished from the print magazine Gala, which may be used as a secondary source, according to the discussions.
— Hypothèses.org. A platform hosting scientific research blogs dedicated to the academic world. Their nature is heterogeneous and their quality variable; discussion participants agree that each must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis, based on the content and the scientific competence and authority of each blogger.
— Kronobase. Self-described as "the first universal, free, collaborative and multilingual chronology, verified by historians." An inappropriate source for Wikipedia encyclopedia articles; to be avoided as a sole source.
— Lundi matin. A radical left-wing outlet which, according to the discussion, should be used with appropriate proportionality depending on the information presented, with proper attribution of viewpoints. Note that both the website and the print journal may publish anonymous articles.
— prevensectes.me. A site that monitored cult movements and sectarian drifts until 2010. It cannot itself be used as a quality source, but it points to sources that may be of quality and should be carefully verified before use.
— Reporterre. A journalistic website with a left-wing, ecological editorial line. However, it can sometimes take positions contrary to the scientific consensus, notably on topics related to alternative medicine or pseudoscience. It is therefore advisable to verify information from this outlet before using it as a source on such topics, and to cross-check it against other secondary sources.
— Sud Radio. A French general-interest radio station that has repeatedly been flagged for broadcasting minority opinions and at times false information. Its reliability is therefore considered weak, and it should not be used alone to justify the inclusion of specific information.
— Télé-Loisirs. A French weekly television magazine. A primary source usable for verifying raw information (e.g. interview transcriptions). Usable as a secondary source but should be cross-checked against other sources.
— Vigile.quebec. A politically oriented website (sovereigntism, independence); the consensus from the discussion is to use it only to complement a quality secondary source (while respecting the undue weight policy). As the site is a source aggregator, it is advisable to trace information back to its original source.
— Who's Who. A selective, even elitist biographical dictionary. On the question of verifiability, its reliability is debated: content is normally checked, but false information (fabricated qualifications, in particular) has been identified by the press. Entries are written from information provided by the individuals themselves, and may therefore lack independence and be self-promotional. On relevance, certain personal details given by Who's Who may be considered non-pertinent in biographies of living persons. On notability, its usefulness in supporting the notability of a person is debated: some contributors consider that being selected for inclusion constitutes an indicator of notability, while others reject this view.
— World Statesmen. A personal website on heads of state, with extensive sourcing and bibliography. Considered unreliable by nature but not necessarily by content.
— Afrique XXI. Online news outlet that covers news from the African continent and is associated with radical left-wing ideology. It is generally considered a reliable secondary source; however, some discussions suggest that it should be used in conjunction with other reliable secondary sources in cases of disagreement.
— AlloCiné. It is clear from the discussion that it's a reliable primary source for verifying facts. The News section can be used as a secondary source.
— Ars Technica is a professionally written website dedicated to new technologies, science, and video games. It is considered a reliable source by Video games WikiProject.
— BD Gest’. A source considered reliable by the Comics WikiProject: only signed reviews are considered secondary sources (unlike the fact sheets, whose content may be taken from the back cover or Wikipedia).
— Biographie nationale de Belgique. Published by the Royal Academy of Sciences, Letters, and Fine Arts of Belgium; it profiles a wide range of Belgian figures who have distinguished themselves in various fields. La Nouvelle biographie nationale is its successor. Discussions have noted that its sometimes hagiographic nature must, however, be tempered.
— Canard PC. A French monthly magazine written by professional journalists. Considered one of the most serious French-language mainstream publications in the video game field according to the video game WikiProject.
— catholic-hierarchy.org. An unofficial website on the Catholic Church, maintained by an American. It is included in recognized Wikidata databases and therefore appears via the Links template. The information is precise and generally fairly reliable.
— Causette. A French monthly general-interest women's magazine. The discussion emphasizes that it should not be confused with Causeur, and concluded that it can be used as a source, including in notability assessments.
— The Conversation. A media outlet whose articles are written by academics and edited by journalists. The overall quality is high, but opinion pieces, promotional articles, and contributions from non-specialists are also published.
— Courrier International. A French weekly news magazine that publishes a curated selection of articles from the international press, translated into French where necessary, covering world news. The many foreign publications it draws from are themselves briefly described in the magazine and on the website, and are generally fairly reliable.
— La Croix. A French daily newspaper and notable title in the French national daily press, considered a generally reliable secondary source, to be used alongside other reliable secondary sources in cases of disagreement.
— Deutsche Biographie. An online biographical dictionary of the German-speaking world. It brings together entries from the Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (a historical source, 1875–1912), the Neue Deutsche Biographie, and overviews drawn from external databases. One contributor notes that only the first two categories justify the notability of their subjects.
— Euronews. A pan-European television channel, considered a quality source. Following its 2024 acquisition by interests close to Viktor Orbán, then head of state of Hungary, some contributors have expressed concern about a potential future decline in quality, which has not materialized at this stage.
— Extralife. A video game specialist website created by former journalists from jeuxvideo.com, and as such considered reliable by the Video Games WikiProject.
— Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting. A US media criticism website run by journalists and researchers, with a left-leaning orientation. Its reliability is not called into question.
— Famitsu. A Japanese-language video game magazine and website, considered reliable by the Video Games Project, which considers it usable for game reviews.
— France Info. A radio station, a 24-hour news television channel, and a news website, all belonging to the French public service. Their quality and reliability are generally not called into question, although repeated errors on the francetvinfo.fr website were noted by several contributors in 2022.
— Futura. A science news website. Discussion participants concluded that it is a fairly good-quality primary source, usable for verifying factual elements. Its in-depth feature articles constitute genuine secondary sources.
— Gameblog. A French video game website written by professionals, considered reliable, though some reviews are produced by amateurs (isolated in a "Vos tests" tab).
— GameSpot. An American-origin video game website written by professionals, considered reliable by the Video Games Project; note that some reviews are produced by amateurs ("Players Reviews").
— Le Grand Continent. An online journal written by alumni of the ENS rue d'Ulm and Groupe d'études géopolitiques (GEG), with a pro-European editorial line. Publishes multidisciplinary articles with a focus on geopolitics. Considered reliable, sometimes described as a think tank.
— HAL. An open platform hosting secondary sources, notably scientific publications. Discussions indicate that it may be used, while respecting the undue weight policy.
— Hardcore Gaming 101. As of March 2025, the site is generally considered a reliable source by the Video Games Project for factual descriptions of game content (plot, gameplay). Articles by professional journalist John Szczepaniak and webmaster Kurt Kalata are considered particularly reliable. However, caution is advised for articles by other authors, especially in analysis and critical reception sections. Prior to March 2025, the site was considered unreliable in general by the Video Games Project, except for reviews by John Szczepaniak and Kurt Kalata.
— Herodote.net. A history website written by "historians, teachers, and journalists." Discussions indicate that this source can generally be considered reliable.
— IGN. A video game website with a professional editorial team, though part of the site hosts a wiki and some reviews are written by amateurs but validated by professionals.
— Internet Movie Database. A collaborative online database covering film and television (over 4 million entries), a commercial site owned by Amazon. Widely used on Wikipedia to verify factual information, though some contributors have noted errors or occasional unreliability. For linking, see the various templates at Modèle:Imdb. Note: user reviews of films must not be used as a source.
— Le360.ma. A generally reliable Moroccan online newspaper, though close to those in power; several quality sources indicate that it has been used to attack independent journalists or discredit investigative reporting on the monarchy.
— Le Média. Overall, this left-leaning outlet appears reliable for factual information. However, its coverage of the Syrian conflict has been strongly criticized.
— Linux Journal. A source specializing in GNU/Linux software. Discussions concluded that it can be considered a reliable secondary source when the article's subject is not written by someone directly involved in it, such as a member of a software's development team.
— LWN.net. A source specializing in GNU/Linux software. Discussions concluded that it can be considered a reliable secondary source when the article's subject is not written by someone directly involved in it, such as a member of a software's development team.
— Merlanfrit. A critical video game analysis website whose writers are academics, editorial board members of other outlets, and journalists. Considered reliable by the Video Games Project.
— Metacritic. An American video game review aggregator site, usable for its overall scores, despite the presence of some less reliable or notable sources among those it aggregates.
— Ozap. A website specializing in media coverage, particularly television. Reliable, but entertainment-oriented and not the product of in-depth journalistic or analytical work. It is owned by Webedia.
— Plein droit. The journal of the GISTI, left-leaning but generally considered serious. The discussion indicates that it may be used, while respecting the undue weight policy.
— Scholarpedia. An online encyclopedia written by researchers and peer-reviewed. Although it uses wiki technology, it functions more like a traditional encyclopedia than Wikipedia. It may be used as a reference. In case of dispute over its use as a source, the expertise of the relevant article's author should be discussed.
— SIPRI. The website of the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. Its database and reports on arms sales are considered a reference by specialist sources, even if their methodology is imperfect.
— Techniques de l'ingénieur. Considered a reliable secondary source, as a publisher specializing in information for technical and scientific professionals.
— Techno-science.net. A secondary source (republishing press releases from research institutes or study results), to be examined with caution (some sections, such as the glossary, are sourced from Wikipedia). Fairly limited reach.
— The Hill. An American source covering politics. Editorial articles are considered reliable, but those covering breaking news should be treated with caution, as their reliability may be lower.
— Academia.edu. As a commercial website aimed at academics, there are doubts about the authenticity of the accounts. Discussions have also emphasized that it should be used as a source with caution, ensuring that the author is well-known in the relevant field.
— A French news website dedicated to security. The discussion indicates that it is recognized by Commission paritaire des publications et des agences de presse as an online news service but does not employ any journalists, according to Le Monde's Decodex.
— Basta! is a news site that is “politically aligned with the left, or even the far left.” It is important to comply with Wikipedia:Reliable sources and undue weight.
— The Bénézit is a biographical dictionary of artists (painters, sculptors, printmakers), available both in print (14 volumes) and online via the Oxford website. Its status as a reference source for demonstrating an artist’s eligibility (based on their inclusion in this dictionary, as indicated in the generally accepted criteria for Notoriety in the Visual Arts) is debated and even contested. This is particularly due to certain factual errors that cast doubt on its reliability.
— Blast is a web TV channel founded, among others, by journalist Denis Robert. It is relatively obscure; the discussion does not reach any clear conclusion regarding its reliability. Its reporting on the Syrian conflict has been called into question.
— Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF) maintains various catalogs and databases of articles. According to a 2020 discussion, the BnF’s failure to correct errors in its authority records calls its reliability into question.
— Connaissance des énergies. An energy information website, subsidiary of the Alcen group. The discussion, without a clear conclusion, highlights both the quality of the experts overseeing the site's editorial content and the fact that the site, along with the "Fondation d'entreprise Alcen pour la connaissance des énergies", has lobbying and marketing objectives.
— Data.bnf. A database of the Bibliothèque nationale de France. Its reliability has been called into question since 2020, after the BNF indicated it would no longer correct reported errors. See also the BNF entry on this page.
— 01net.com. A digital technology news website, originally derived from the print computing journal 01 Informatique. The site is now owned by Gizmodo, acquired by the Keleops group in 2022. The discussion did not reach a clear conclusion on the quality of the source today.
— MDPI. A scientific journal publisher using a pay-to-publish model that has been accused of cutting corners on peer review, by multiplying the number of journals and contributing to publication inflation. Some of its journals have been flagged by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Norwegian Scientific Index as having predatory practices. Contributors are encouraged to look into the status and reputation of this publisher's journals for articles published therein.
— Mediaterranee.com. A commercial journalism site run by journalist Nadjib Touaibia, resembling at first glance a news aggregator. It is advisable to cross-check information found in this outlet against other journalistic sources.
— MémorialGenWeb. A collaborative database (comparable to a wiki) cataloguing soldiers and resistance members based on primary sources (war memorials, etc.) or secondary sources.
— Tribune chrétienne. Self-described as "a reference Catholic media outlet," but discussion participants concluded that its notability has not been demonstrated. It resembles a partisan blog along the lines of Le Salon Beige. Information it provides should be checked against quality sources, which can advantageously replace it.
