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Digitalisasi dan Membagikan Warisan Budaya: Panduan Praktis

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Manual proyek Museu Portátil bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi pada pelatihan teknologi dan profesional untuk menyiapkan stasiun kerja untuk digitalisasi material di koleksi lembaga arsip. Ini juga merepresentasikan saran alur kerja untuk membuat operasi ini lebih sistematis, yang dimulai dengan pemilihan segmen koleksi yang akan didigitalisasikan dan berlanjut hingga tahapan mengambil gambar, lisensi, dan mengunggah konten ke platform digital.

Titik awal untuk Museu Portátil adalah penggunaan kamera ponsel sebagai peralatan utama untuk mendigitalisasikan dengan kualitas yang cukup untuk diseminasi digital. Penting untuk dicatat bahwa ini melibatkan mengambil gambar untuk membuat berkas yang akan berfungsi sebagai representasi digital dari objek asli, yang, di satu sisi, mengindari penanganan konstan dan, di sisi lain, mengembangkan diseminasi mereka di media digital. Berdasarkan premis ini, manual ini mempresentasikan saran perangkat yang memungkinkan inisiasi digitalisasi agar dapat dioperasikan dengan biaya terjangkau untuk institusi dengan sumber daya keuangan dan manusia yang terbatas.

Kit Perangkat Digitalisasi

Di bawah ini adalah daftar dengan peralatan yang disarankan untuk menyiapkan stasiun kerja untuk digitalisasi barang koleksi, termasuk objek dua dan tiga dimensi, untuk diseminasi digital mereka.

Pertimbangan Lainnya

Catatan:

  • Untuk mengakses informasi spesifik untuk kamera, tipe sensor, dan set lensa terbaik, penting untuk mencari konfigurasi ponsel dan forum spesialis, dan juga situs web produsen.
  • Jika anggaran memungkinkan, kartu grafis khusus akan mempercepat tugas penampilan dan pemrosesan grafis.

Aplikasi ponsel:

  • Mi fit: untuk menyelaraskan rona jarak jauh dengan Laser Level dan Inclinometer ponsel.
  • EXA Tools: untuk menyesuaikan sudut perangkat yang benar sebelum memulai pengambilan gambar.
  • Sweech: untuk mentransfer gambar dari ponsel ke komputer.

Perangkat lunak komputer:

  • Adobe Lightroom: untuk penyesuaian gambar dasar dan penambahan metadata.
  • WinRAR: untuk membuka berkas kompresi setelah transfer ke komputer.
  • Adobe Bridge: manajemen berkas, penamaan berkas, dan penambahan metadata.
  • Freefilesync: untuk melakukan pencadangan berkas.
  • Advanced Renamer: dapat membantu penamaan kelompok.

Menyiapkan Stasiun Kerja Anda

Digitalisasi dua dimensi Pengaturan untuk digitalisasi koleksi dua dimensi:
  1. Meja samping;
  2. Ruang untuk meletakkan koleksi yang akan digitalisasi;
  3. Koleksi teks;
  4. Lampu cincin pada perpanjang lengan yang dipasang di samping meja;
  5. Ponsel pada perpanjang lengan;
  6. Latar belakang netral untuk pemosisian koleksi yang difoto dengan penanda di sisi-sisi yang menunjukkan batas bingkai;
  7. Ruang untuk meletakkan koleksi setelah digitalisasi;
  8. Gelang dengan pemicu kamera ponsel.
Digitalisasi Tiga Dimensi - Penerangan LED Pengaturan untuk digitalisasi koleksi tiga dimensi:
  1. Kotak polifoam putih dengan bagian depan yang terbuka;
  2. Latar belakang tanpa batas berwarna netral;
  3. Koleksi tiga dimensi;
  4. Panel sumber cahaya LED;
  5. Ponsel;
  6. Tripod meja yang dapat disesuaikan;
  7. Ruang untuk meletakkan koleksi yang akan digitalisasi;
  8. Ruang untuk meletakkan koleksi yang telah didigitalisasi;
Digitalisasi Tiga Dimensi - Penerangan Cincin Cincin Penerangan alternatif untuk mendigitalisasikan koleksi tiga dimensi:
  1. Kotak tanpa pencahayaan LED;
  2. Ponsel;
  3. Lampu cincin;
  4. Tripod meja.
Instruksi untuk Perakitan dan Penyesuaian Peralatan


  • Pemilihan Lokasi: penting untuk memprioritaskan ruang kerja tanpa gangguan cahaya eksternal (natural atau buatan); lihat permukaan yang disediakan untuk alur kerja. Idealnya untuk bekerja di lingkungan dinding berwarna netral seperti abu, putih, atau hitam. Hindari jarak dengan dengan dinding dengan warna cerah.
  • Samakan jarak dengan penggaris atau pita pengukur, Anda harus memosisikan dua sumber cahaya di jarak yang sama dari objek yang akan difoto. Ponsel harus berada di tengah di antara dua sumber cahaya (di posisi tinggi untuk koleksi dua dimensi dan di posisi depan untuk koleksi tiga dimensi). Sesuaikan sudut cahaya ke 45 derajat dari objek yang akan difoto. Untuk memverifikasi sudut yang tepat, Anda dapat menggunakan aplikasi gratis yang dapat mengukur level peralatan.
  • Paralelisme: berarti hubungan jarak aksis yang sama antara dua atau lebih objek. Pada set digitalisasi, penyesuaian paralelisme dibuat dengan hubungan antara bidang sensor dengan bidang tabel reproduksi, agar saat kita mengambil gambar asli, seluruh bidang gambar, termasuk tengahnya, tetap fokus dan tanpa distorsi. Setiap distorsi antara bidang akan membuat gambar terdistorsi.

Dalam digitalisasi dua dimensi, untuk menghindari gambar dengan orientasi yang berbeda, kami merekomendasikan:

  1. Tetapkan ponsel pada dukungannya dalam posisi horizontal, dengan layar menghadap operator dan kamera dihidupkan.
  2. Lalu putar ponsel dengan kamera menghadap bawah, tetapkan pada struktur dukungan. Dengan melakukan ini, Anda akan memastikan bahwa saat foto diambil, arah gambar berorientasi horizontal dan sama hingga pengambilan berikutnya.
  • Kamera ponsel harus dipasangkan dengan Bluetooth melalui kontrol jarak jauh, yang akan digunakan sebagai pelepas rana, melalui aplikasi.

Alur kerja

Mulai

  1. Pisahkan koleksi yang akan digitalisasi
  2. Hidupkan ponsel dan rona jarak jauh dan posisikan mereka pada lokasi yang ditunjukkan
  3. Letakkan barang pertama, tengahkan berdasarkan bingkai kamera ponsel
  4. Klik menggunakan rona jarak jauh
  5. Periksa bahwa gambar pertama diambil dengan cara yang memuaskan
  6. Letakkan barang pertama di lokasi berbeda untuk barang yang sudah digitalisasi dan lanjutkan dengan barang selanjutnya
  7. Transfer berkas dari ponsel ke komputer
  8. Periksa hasil foto pada komputer dan, jika semuanya baik-baik saja, hapus berkas dari ponsel
  9. Pengolahan berkas: pembuatan turunan jika diperlukan dan penyesuaian dasar untuk gambar untuk visualisasi di layar
  10. Cadangkan ke cakram keras

Selesai

Pasca Produksi dan Pemrosesan

Setelah mengambil gambar untuk koleksi yang diinginkan, akan perlu untuk mentransfer gambar dari ponsel ke komputer dan mengolah berkas-berkas tersebut, memungkinkan memasukkan kode untuk identifikasi yang lebih baik untuk nomenklatur berkas, membuat penyesuaian ke gambar, menambahkan informasi pada metada gambar (seperti pembuat, gambar, dimensi, dll.), mengatur ke folder dan subfolder, dan terakhir, melakukan cadangan untuk memastikan penyimpanan jangka panjang.

Transfer berkas dari ponsel ke komputer:

Untuk melakukan operasi ini, kami merekomendasikan menggunakan aplikasi Sweech. Untuk melakukannya, buka aplikasi pada ponsel, pilih semua foto di album tempat foto terakhir disimpan, dan klik opsi "bagikan".

Ketik alamat elektronik yang mengidentifikasikan layar ponsel pada peramban komputer, tekan Enter, dan kemudian undur gambar yang dikompres.

Langkah selanjutnya adalah mengekstrak berkas zip pada folder unduh di komputer ke folder tujuan. Untuk ini Anda perlu memasang perangkat lunak WinRAR pada komputer Anda.

Pada akhir prosedur, perlu memverifikasi berkas yang dikirim dengan benar (konfirmasi jumlah berkas dan buka mereka untuk melihatnya dengan cepat dan memverifikasi apakah gambar tersebut rusak selama transfer). Jika semuanya sesuai dengan spesifikasi yang dijelaskan di atas, berkas harus dihapus dari ponsel.

Penamaan ulang kelompok untuk menambahkan kode yang diinginkan pada nomenklatur gambar:

Untuk memasukkan kode ke gambar, Anda dapat menggunakan perangkat lunak gratis Adobe Bridge.

Penyesuaian dasar untuk gambar dan penambahan metadata, jika diperlukan:

Setelah penilaian kualitas gambar yang diambil, jika diperlukan, Anda dapat menyesuaikan, menggunakan Lightroom atau perangkat lunak penyunting lainnya, keseimbangan putih, tingkat, sorotan dan bayangan, kontras, dan ketajaman. Menggunakan perangkat lunak yang sama, Anda dapat menambahkan informasi pada metadata gambar (akses pada menu Library di kanan atas lalu bilah sisi kanan, di bagian Metadata).

Penyimpanan dan akses digital:

  • Menurutkonvensi preservasi digital, penting untuk menjaga lebih dari satu salinan dari berkas digital yang disimpan pada lokasi yang berbeda atau media yang berbeda, jika memungkinkan (misalnya: HDD internal, eksternal, awan, dll.). Singkatnya, faktor lain untuk dipertimbangkan:
  • Miliki setidaknya tiga (3) salinan identik. Satu harus terpisah dari jaringan (luring, seperti cakram keras eksternal), lainnya di lokasi geografis yang berbeda (di luar lokasi, seperti awan). Penting untuk mempelajari dan memverifikasi keuntungan dan kekurangan dari setiap solusi.
  • Rencanakan untuk kontrol akses pada berkas digital (preservasi dan/atau akses), kembangkan kebijakan pembatasan dan akses sesuai denagn kebutuhan institusi.
  • Jadwalkan frekuensi pemindaian antivirus dan verifikasi ceksum berkas digital. Ini adalah tindakan yang perlu dipertimbangkan, karena kerusakan yang melekat pada berkas digital dapat, di beberapa kasus, halus, seperti jika bagian individual dari berkas hilang atau rusak, misalnya. Mengelola berkas digital adalah tindakan yang diperlukan sepanjang siklus hidup mereka.
  • Selain itu, perlu dan penting untuk merencanakan pemeliharaan dan pertumbuhan ruang penyimpanan untuk data yang disimpan, mengantisipasi biaya yang diperlukan untuk ini.
  • Mimiliki versi akses, dan selalu pastikan akses ini, sebagai sarana untuk mendiseminasikan material tersebut dalam koleksi Anda.

Mengadaptasi Projek untuk Kebutuhan Anda

Untuk menawarkan otonomi yang lebih besar kepada pengguna dari panduan ini, kami mendaftarkan di sini beberapa kriteria yang dapat dipertimbangkan ketika memilih peralatan, jika tidak memungkinkan untuk menggunakan model seperti yang dideskripsikan di atas atas alasan apa pun.

Pertanyaan yang perlu dipertimbangkan ketika memilih ponsel:
  • Kamera ponsel: Kualitas optik, resolusi, ketajaman gambar, jika mungkin pengaturan makro yang baik
  • Kamera dengan opsi penyesuaian manual untuk keseimbangan putih dan waktu paparan, jika memungkinkan pengaturan ISO
  • Ponsel secara keseluruhan: Pengolahan, kecepatan, penyimpanan internal dan sistem operasi Android yang lebih mudah diakses.
Pertanyaan yang perlu dipertimbangkan ketika memilih sumber cahaya:
  • Bersama dengan ponsel, sumber cahaya menjadi salah satu dari barang terpenting dalam daftar peralatan. Perhatikan kriteria yang didaftarakan di bawah ketika memilih model yang akan dibeli.
  • Intensitas dan dimensi dari sumber cahaya: penting bahwa cahaya cukup kuat dan bahwa ukuran dari bidang tempat cahaya diproyeksikan cukup besar untuk menutupi seluruh benda asli yang digitalisasikan secara homogen, tanpa area yang lebih banyak diterangi daripada yang lain.

Contoh: jika Anda memilih sumber cahaya dengan luas cahaya yang dipoyeksikan adalah 10 cm dan Anda perlu menerangkan sebuah dokumen berukuran 40 cm, akan sangat mungkin bahwa cakupan cahaya pada dokumen tersebut tidak akan sama di seluruh bagian.

  • Suhu warna: agar warna dari barang asli sedekat mungkin dengan yang foto yang diambil, idealnya adalah sumber cahaya dengan suhu warna 5.000K. Jika Anda perlu menggunakan lampu, pilih lampu dengan suhu warna tersebut, atau sumber cahaya yang memiliki opsi untuk menyesuaikan tonalitas dan yang mendekati suhu warna tersebut, seperti yang disebut cahaya siang.
  • "Kekuatan" cahaya: jika mendigitalisasi koleksi tiga dimensi, penting untuk sumber cahaya disebarkan agar tidak ada bayangan yang sangat jelas dibuat pada latar belakang tak terbatas.
  • Sumber daya: banyak panel cahaya atau LED yang membutuhkan baterai eksternal agar dapat berfungsi, yang meningkatkan biaya proyek dan menciptakan kebutuhan untuk mengisi ulang secara konstan. Beri preferensi untuk cahaya yang bekerja dengan sumber daya atau kabel USB yang terhubung ke soket.
Pertanyaan yang perlu dipertimbangkan ketika memilih dudukan ponsel:
  • Idealnya adalah untuk dapat memindahkan ponsel ke atas dan ke bawah sehubungan dengan dasarnya secepat dan sestabil mungkin. Pilihan dudukan atau penyangga berengsel yang memungkinkan gerakan ponsel yang lebih mudah dan lebih cepat, yang sangat berguna untuk mendigitalkan dokumen yang berbeda ukuran satu sama lain, misalnya. Selalu dianjurkan untuk menempatkan ponsel sedekat mungkin dengan dokumen, menyisakan tepian putih di setiap sisi, untuk mencapai hasil yang berkualitas lebih baik dalam hal pembesaran objek.
  • Saat ini banyak ponsel pintar yang dijual di pasaran dengan opsi filter permanen yang tertanam dalam kamera. Untuk memberikan potret dengan fungsi "mempercantik", biasanya kapasitas ketajaman dikurangi, bahkan dalam model lanjutan. Disarankan untuk memverifikasi persyaratan ini dalam model tampilan toko atau dengan produsen.
  • Penggunaan latar belakang abu-abu hitam, putih atau netral akan tergantung pada pilihan kurator. Latar belakang putih lebih sering digunakan. Latar belakang hitam dapat berguna dalam situasi yang melibatkan objek dengan warna gelap, sehingga penyesuaian kontras ponsel tidak terlalu banyak mengimbangi dengan "menembus" cahaya latar belakang, serta dalam kasus objek dengan transparansi. Anda dapat membeli kertas dengan warna-warna ini, seperti karton. Beri preferensi pada bahan dengan pH netral agar tidak merusak konservasi koleksi.
Komputer jinjing (laptop)
  • Konfigurasi minimum: prosesor Intel Core i5 generasi ke-7, RAM 8GB, penyimpanan 256GB lebih disukai dalam SSD, sistem operasi Windows 10 dan merek yang sangat direkomendasikan.
  • Bisa dilakukan dengan menggunakan komputer yang tidak memiliki kartu grafis khusus. Jika Anda perlu mengurangi biaya peralatan ini, kami merekomendasikan untuk menghapus item ini dan menjaga RAM minimal dan kondisi prosesor yang disebutkan di atas.
Perangkat lunak
  • Prioritaskan perangkat lunak dengan lisensi gratis, serta menjaga perangkat lunak tetap terkini. Satu-satunya perangkat lunak berbayar di daftar ini adalah Adobe Lightroom. Adobe Bridge dapat menjadi pengganti yang baik bersama dengan beberapa perangkat lunak pemrosesan gambar gratis (seperti Xnview, Gimp atau IrfanView).

Masalah yang sering terjadi dan cara yang memungkinkan untuk menyelesaikannya

Cara Mendesiminasi Koleksi dan Pengetahuan di Platform Wiki

The internet made possible the emergence of new practices of production, consumption and dissemination of content and, in this context, what we call the "free knowledge ecosystem" was formed. In this material, we offer a guide on how to collaborate in this ecosystem, but first we need to define it. We begin with the digital encyclopedia Wikipedia, the best known of the Wikimedia projects, and a fundamental part of the free knowledge ecosystem. If you can, open the Wikipedia page — for example, the city you are in. Go to the bottom of the page.

The terms of content availability on the page are indicated and, note, there is a reference to a free Creative Commons license. Among other things, this means that everyone can copy and paste the text without asking for permission, requiring only that you attribute the content to Wikipedia's editors and use the same license on the copied section, even if you have modified it. What matters: there is no need to pay anything for this.

A foundation of free knowledge is that access to material is open. This means that the contents are available for free, without financial, technical or legal restrictions. Everyone can then freely use, modify and distribute these contents.

The free digital ecosystem is not limited to Wikipedia or the Wikimedia projects. There is open-source software, collaborative content repositories, forums and many other interfaces that make up the free space of the network. The Wikimedia ecosystem is, in any case, one of the main ones. Founded in 2001, with the objective of offering reliable and relevant content in a free and collaborative manner, it allows various forms of knowledge to be distributed openly, for example in:

For cultural institutions, normally the most important are Wikidata and Wikimedia Commons, in addition to Wikipedia. Wikidata is a collaborative database that organizes structured information from various sources on the same platform, allowing all sorts of cross-references and visualizations (for example, tables, maps and charts). Wikimedia Commons is one of the largest repositories of free multimedia on the internet, with images, videos and sounds. These media are obviously used in the other Wikimedia projects, but can be published in any other space, as long as the requirements of the license are respected.

The free digital ecosystem fosters free culture, that is, the collective construction of knowledge by users who act voluntarily. The role of cultural institutions is especially important in this construction and acting in this ecosystem is generally in line with the mission of these institutions. Free culture is transversal to the mission of museums in the present, institutions that seek to conserve and communicate the heritage of humanity.

The GLAM acronym is widely used to refer to large heritage institutions: Galleries, Libraries, Archives and Museums, but ultimately serves for any cultural institution, large or small. The term is also widely used in the context of cultural dissemination projects on the Internet, especially on wiki platforms, among which is the digital encyclopedia Wikipedia. In this sense, a GLAM or GLAM-Wiki is an institutional action to disseminate collections to a free and collaborative knowledge network, with educational and cultural repercussions of great reach. Very great reach indeed: every year there are several billion accesses to Wikipedias in hundreds of languages, as well as Wikipedia's sister projects such as the media repository Wikimedia Commons and the collaborative database Wikidata.

The possibilities are endless. Imagine, for example, a partnership with a large library to systematically and organically migrate high-resolution images of works already in the public domain to Wikimedia Commons. Another possibility is the identification and capture of images from a collection of documents on an important theme such as immigration to later upload them to Wikisource. It is also certain that each Brazilian city, even small interior towns, has photographic and documentary collections relevant to the Wikimedia projects. Institutions such as museums of large or small size may be interested in making a partnership and allowing a volunteer to photograph part of the collection for the creation and improvement of articles about their main works on Wikipedia, provided that such a task obviously does not imply the violation of copyright. In this tutorial, we offer a guide to collaborate meaningfully in the Wikimedia ecosystem.

Create a User Account for Wikimedia Projects

To start exploring the Wikimedia ecosystem, the first step is the creation of a user account. In some projects, editing without an account is not permitted. But please note:

The account is individual and must not be used for institutional promotion;

The name must not correspond to that of your GLAM;

The account must be used only for voluntary and non-profit edits.

To create your user account, access the Portuguese Wikipedia page (your account will serve for all Wikimedia projects) and in the upper right corner click on "Create an account" and fill in the form. It is not mandatory, but it is highly recommended, to enter an email address, as it will allow password recovery in case of forgetting and will facilitate communication with other editors.

Once the user account is created, it is possible to create a page to contextualize your activities in the Wikimedia projects. Consider mentioning the institution you are part of, as it will help other people understand the background of your edits, but do not advertise. The wiki is truly not a space for promotion.

Create a User Page

  • Verify that you are logged in on the main Wikipedia page (your account name should appear in the heading
  • Click on your name, in the upper right corner of the screen;
  • Click on "Edit" in the menu below where your account name appears;
  • Share the motivations that led you to join the wiki, for example, the topics you expect to contribute to. Avoid putting personal information: the wiki is a highly visible space!
  • Start to edit.

First Contributions

To warm up, how about making a series of first contributions to Wikimedia Commons, such as taking photographs of the exterior of the cultural institution where you work, for example. These can be photographic records of the entrance, facade details, identification signs or the context of the building. There is no limit to photos and details matter a lot.

For uploading, you can use the Upload Wizard tool. Note that, for this first exercise, the shared images cannot be authored by third parties. Photographs taken by other people can only be uploaded with the proper authorization of those responsible or if there has been prior publication on the internet under an appropriate license.

After uploading to Wikimedia Commons, insert the title, caption, description, date and categories of the images, also using the Upload Wizard.

GLAM Wiki Activities

As a wiki editor, it is possible to discover the other Wikimedia projects and contribute to free knowledge by starting the process of institutional involvement. To participate in a GLAM-Wiki initiative, at least part of the institution's collection must be digitized and available for uploading to Wikimedia projects, mainly in the form of images, which should be inserted in Wikimedia Commons and in the form of metadata inserted in Wikidata. In this material, the main focus is on Wikimedia Commons.

It is recommended that your GLAM have a database or an official website, from which data about the institution's collection can be extracted, explored and ordered in Microsoft Excel, Google Sheets or similar software, to be used in Wikidata and then in the other Wikimedia projects. It is also recommended that your GLAM be open to free knowledge, since the institution's collection will be under Creative Commons licenses.

For the ideal functioning of a GLAM-Wiki initiative there are four stages to be followed: policy, rights, technique and dissemination.

Policy

In the first practical phase, the policy phase, the partnership between the GLAM institution and a wiki organization, which will normally be responsible for assisting in the activities developed, is formalized. Still in this phase, the wiki community and the institution's audience are informed that the partnership has been established. The formalization of the partnership is a means of giving publicity and security to the initiative of uploading institutional collections.

Publish the ratification document to the Wikimedia community through uploading the document to Wikimedia Commons, with the consent of Wikipedia editors, or through publication of the document on the institution's official website; and Create a page in the language Wikipedia domain to publicize the partnership.

Rights

Next, in the legal phase, there is a need to study the institution's collections so that wiki users, who will carry out the upload, understand the characteristics and limits of sharing the collection. In this way, it is possible to establish which works can be made available and whether they are in the Public Domain or will need a specific Creative Commons license. Here, there are two phases: the validation of the partnership and the analysis of the collections.

After the preparation of the ratification document, a validation email must be sent to a team of Wikimedia volunteers, called VRT, which verifies the partnership. The permission email must be sent to VRT and consists of the authorization for granting Creative Commons licenses or for releasing the GLAM's collection to the public domain. It is, in a certain way, the institutional entry into the free knowledge ecosystem. A team certifies that the GLAM partnership is authentic and grants the necessary validation for the use of free licenses.

After receiving the reply email, confirming whether the authorization is valid, it is necessary to create a license for your GLAM. It is also a technical task, so we prepared a step-by-step video: https://w.wiki/4ZMa Your institution's license must be used in every upload you make.

And when evaluating the collection to be uploaded, remember: only content in the public domain or with free licenses can be inserted into Wikimedia. Evaluating the legal situation of a collection requires understanding of copyright and there are various free resources to help with the evaluation. In the next chapter of this manual we offer information on licenses prepared by the Creative Commons Brazil team, but it is also possible to check the different types of licensing. Creative Commons licenses allow authors to make their works available to the public for limited use, preserving copyright.

The types of free Creative Commons licenses compatible with Wikimedia are:

  • attribution (CC-BY): permission to copy, distribute, display and perform the work and make derivative works from it, as long as credit is given to the author or licensor;
  • share alike (CC-BY-SA): permission to distribute derivative works only under a license identical to the
  • rights waiver (CC0)

Technique

We have now arrived at the stage of uploading the selected collection. For media uploads, the Upload Wizard can be used again. There are more powerful resources for mass uploads, but the suggestion is to start with a small contribution, selecting up to 30 images, as a pilot project that can be expanded and improved later.

  • To upload media files:
    1. Access the main page of Wikimedia Commons;
    2. Log in with your username;
    3. Click on upload, in the upper right corner of the screen;
    4. In the submit tab, upload the file(s);
    5. In the release rights tab, click on the appropriate rights indication. In the previous step, you possibly created an exclusive license image for your institution. Now is the time to indicate it, by marking the option "Other reason not mentioned above" and writing the title of the license created inside rounded brackets;
    6. In the describe tab, add a title, caption, description, date, category(ies), and other optional information, and click publish files.

Uploaded images can be modified, revised, remixed and distributed. Descriptive information can be expanded and corrected. One suggestion is to find an article on Wikipedia in which you can use one of them, for example to illustrate an article about an object or place. Take care to respect the encyclopedia's illustration rules.

Dissemination

In the dissemination stage, there is the possibility of organizing events to promote the dissemination of the collection in an even more predominant way on Wikimedia platforms. It is also feasible to carry out educational projects and develop products, such as applications or tools. There are also what we call wiki contests, when prizes are offered to editors to work on a set of articles for a period of time. The idea of all these activities is to foster a community around the knowledge contributed on Wikimedia.

There are some institutions that integrate a person dedicated to the wiki, a position called wikimedian in residence (or WiR, from the English acronym). This person acts as an interlocutor between the wiki community and the institution. In line with the stages described above, among the functions of the WiR are uploading GLAM media files and metadata on Wikimedia Commons and Wikidata, organizing events to engage groups inside and outside the Wikimedia ecosystem in the production of free knowledge related to the themes worked on by the institution, as well as measuring the impact of all these activities. The GLAM normally guarantees a source of funding for the WiR, explaining responsibilities and tasks, among other information of interest to the Wikimedia community, on their user page.

More about Creative Commons

Creative Commons licenses offer an easy way to manage copyright terms that automatically apply to all creative materials under copyright protection. The licenses allow material to be shared and reused on flexible and legally secure terms. Creative Commons offers a core set of six copyright licenses.

The License Elements

All CC licenses require users to give Attribution (BY) to the creator when their material is used and shared. The other five licenses combine Attribution with one or more additional elements:

Abbreviation Element Meaning
BY Attribution Credit must be given to the creator. Required in all licenses.
NC NonCommercial Material may not be used for commercial purposes.
ND NoDerivatives No alterations of the material may be shared.
SA ShareAlike Derivative works must be released under the same license.

CC licenses can be applied to many types of work, including educational resources, music, photographs, databases, and government and public sector information.

Key Concepts

Copyright
Copyright laws grant exclusive rights to creators of original works. National laws usually extend these protections automatically once a work is externalized. The phrase "All rights reserved" indicates that the rights holder reserves all rights granted under law.
Some Rights Reserved
Creative Commons licenses offer creators a broader spectrum of choices, ranging from maintaining all rights to renouncing them (public domain). This approach is called "Some rights reserved."
Public Domain
The public domain refers to works that no longer have restrictions under copyright within a particular jurisdiction. A work may enter the public domain because the applicable copyright term has expired, because the rights holder used a tool such as CC0, or because the work did not meet the requirements for copyright protection.
Collective Management Associations
Collective management associations are copyright management organizations that license works on behalf of their owners and process royalty payments. Examples include ASCAP and BMI (United States), BUMA/Stemra (Netherlands), PRS (United Kingdom) and APRA (Australia).
CC Buttons
CC buttons are a condensed way of conveying the basic permissions associated with material offered under CC licenses. When material is offered online, the buttons should redirect the user to the human-readable legal terms, which in turn redirect to the license itself.

Applying a Creative Commons License

Consider the following before applying a CC license:

Checklist before applying a CC license

  1. Is the material protected by copyright? If not, is it subject to related rights or sui generis rights over databases? CC licenses do not apply to materials in the public domain, and different countries have different standards for what is in the public domain.
  2. Are you the owner of the material? If not, are you otherwise authorized to license it under the specific CC license you wish to use? You must not apply a license to material over which you have no rights.
  3. Are you aware that CC licenses are irrevocable? You are free to stop offering the material under a CC license at any time, but this will not affect the rights associated with any copies already in circulation.
  4. Are you a member of a collective management society? If so, you must make sure that you are permitted to use CC licenses for your materials.
  5. Have you read the terms and conditions? Always read the specific license you intend to apply. Several terms may vary in earlier versions. If you choose to use a pre-4.0 version or any adapted version, clauses such as the applicable law clause may affect your choice.

Choosing a License

How to choose the right license

If you do not know which license best meets your needs, there are many resources available:

  • The CC license selector tool can help you identify the ideal license.
  • Creative Commons has compiled a list of examples showing how various licenses suit the main strategies of licensors.
  • Case studies of other individuals and institutions using CC licenses are available.
  • The CC community is open to answering questions via mailing lists and discussion forums.
  • You may also prefer to consult a lawyer for advice on the best license for your needs.

How to Apply a License to Your Material

Applying a license online, offline, or on third-party platforms

For online material:

Select the appropriate license in the CC license selector and follow the instructions to include the HTML code. The code will automatically generate a license button and statement. If you are only licensing part of a work, clearly mark which parts are under the CC license and which are not. The HTML code also includes metadata that allows the material to be discovered by CC-sensitive search engines.

For offline material:

Identify the license you wish to apply, then either:

  • Mark your work with a statement such as: "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License [description]. To view a copy of the license, visit [url]"; or
  • Insert the applicable license buttons with the same instruction and URL link.

For third-party platforms:

Many platforms such as Flickr, YouTube and SoundCloud have built-in tools allowing users to mark material with a CC license through account settings. This allows others to find your content when searching for CC-licensed material. If the platform does not support CC licensing, you can identify the license in the text description.

Special Cases

CC licenses do not reduce, limit or restrict any rights under exceptions and limitations to copyright. If the use of material licensed under CC is otherwise permitted by an exception or limitation, you do not need to rely on the CC license or comply with its terms and conditions. This is a fundamental principle of CC licensing.

Including a CC BY Work in a Wikipedia Article

Works licensed under CC BY can be incorporated into works under CC BY-SA. For example, you can incorporate a CC BY photograph into a Wikipedia article, as long as you:

  • Keep all copyright notices and specifications intact;
  • Provide proper attribution; and
  • Comply with the other terms of the CC BY license.

Applying a CC License to a Work in the Public Domain

  • If you wish to place your own work in the public domain before the expiration of copyright, use the Public Domain Dedication.
  • If a work is already in the public domain worldwide, mark it with the Public Domain Mark.

Creators can apply CC licenses to adaptations of public domain works, or to remixed materials, databases or collections that include public domain works. However, the license does not affect the parts of the work that are not protected by copyright. We encourage you to mark worldwide public domain materials so that others know they can use them without legal restrictions.

Note that in some cases, a work may be in the public domain in some jurisdictions but not others. A CC license applied to such a work would be effective in jurisdictions where copyright protection still exists, but not where it does not apply.

Applying a CC License to a Photograph of a Public Domain Work

You may apply a CC license to your photograph if it constitutes an original work of authorship — a question that varies by jurisdiction. Generally, your photograph must involve some creative choices, such as setting, lighting, angle or other marks of creativity.

In practice, if your photograph is sufficiently creative to attract copyright protection, people will likely need to comply with the license conditions if they reproduce it in full. However, they would not need to comply if they reproduced only the public domain parts of the work, as your copyright over the adaptation only extends to your own contribution.

Use of CC Licenses by Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs)

Anyone can use CC licenses for material they own, including governments and intergovernmental organizations. Reasons for doing so often include:

  • Maximizing the impact and utility of works for educational and informational purposes; and
  • Increasing transparency.

CC licenses are the preferred choice for IGOs because they are:

  • Standardized and interoperable — material published by different creators using the same CC license can be translated, modified, compiled and remixed without legal barriers;
  • Machine-readable — allowing licensed works to be easily discovered through search engines like Google.

Collective Management Associations and CC Licenses

We recommend that creators and rights holders consult their collective management societies before applying a CC license. Many rights holders who are members of collective management societies may waive the right to collect royalties on uses permitted by the license, but only to the extent their societies allow.

In some countries — including Australia, Finland, France, Germany, Luxembourg, Norway, Spain, Taiwan and the Netherlands — collective management societies manage rights over present and future works assigned to them by their creators, effectively becoming holders of these rights. Creators in these jurisdictions may not be able to license their materials under CC, because the societies own the necessary rights, not them.

CC is working with several collective management societies, running pilot programs that allow creators to use CC licenses in some circumstances. If you are already a member of a collecting society and want to use CC licenses, feel free to encourage your society to give you that option.

Publicity, Personality and Privacy Rights

These terms are used differently across jurisdictions. In general, these rights allow individuals to control the use of their voice, image, likeness or other identifiable aspect of their identity, especially for commercial exploitation purposes. In some jurisdictions they also allow people to restrict the publication of information about them without their permission.

When the licensor holds publicity, personality or privacy rights that may affect the intended use of the material, the licensor agrees to waive or not enforce these rights. However, such rights not held by the licensor are not affected and may still apply to your intended use of a licensed work.

For further reading in Portuguese please consult the original guide. This article is a derivative of the original.

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