Open Science for Arts, Design and Music/Guidelines/Open Research Work Cycle

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ACCESS: find open data[edit]

This section answers the question:

The aims of open science is to facilitate access to scientific content and encourage its reuse. Open data are data that, thanks to their author and/or publisher, are freely accessible, exploitable, editable and shared by anyone for any purpose as long as conditions set by the right-holder are respected. Open data include data licensed under an open license or in public domain.

Find open content in open repositories

Open repositories[edit]

Open-access and free resources can be found in open repositories.

Repositories of research data[edit]

Repositories of art[edit]

Repositories for art works (in general)

Repositories for images

Repositories of music[edit]

Catalogs (collections of databases):

  • The MusoW database brings together openly available music and musicology resources from across the Internet. It serves as a catalogue of databases. You can browse it along different search criteria here: https://projects.dharc.unibo.it/musow/records
  • You can use the Audio, Video search of the ProQuest database
  • See a full list of music-related research data repositories here_ https://www.re3data.org/search?query=music (the search results can be further refined to countries and repository features)

Databases, collections (a small selection of MusoW resources):

Open-upon-request music resources from proprietary providers

(Re)USE: use open access and third parties data[edit]

This section answers the questions:

How to use open data: best practices[edit]

Re-use CC licensed works

Re-use CC licensed works[edit]

To use CC-licensed materials you must follow the license conditions.

  • If the work you are using is licensed under one of the three CC licenses that includes the NC-NonCommercial restriction, you cannot use it for a commercial purpose. Whether a use is commercial or not depends on the situation and intentions of the user.
  • If the original work you want to use is licensed under a ND-NoDerivatives license, you can make and use changes only privately but you cannot share your adaptation with others.
  • If the the original work you want to use is licensed under a SA-ShareAlike license, then must license you adaptation under the same or a compatible license.

Attribution is required by all CC licenses. According to the CC0 license, it is not mandatory to give attribution of authorship; however, it is always good scientific practice to give credit to the author. A proper attribution follows the TASL rule and includes the following information: Title, Author, Source and License. When you don’t have some of the TASL information, include as much detail as possible in the attribution statement.
In case of derivative works, you should indicate your work is a modification or an adaptation of another work and provide attribution to the creator of the original work. Include also a link to the work you modified and indicate its license.

Adaptations and remix of CC licensed works[edit]

Adaptation and remix mix content from different sources to create a wholly new original work.
You can license the copyright you have in your adaptation. The Adapter’s License applies only to your own original contribution. When choosing a license for your new work (i.e., Adapter’s License), it's recommended to choose one of the licenses indicated in the green boxes of the following table.
CC Adapter's License Chart
'CC Adapter's License Chart' by Creative Commons is licensed under CC BY 4.0

If you create an adaptation or remix of differently licensed works, you must choose a compatible license. Some items cannot be remixed depending on the license they have. The following remix table help you determining what license can be used together: if there is a green check mark in the box where row (license of original work 1) and column (license of original work 2) intersect then you can go ahead and mix the two licenses.

Creative Commons License Compatibility Chart

'CC License Compatibility Chart' by Kennisland is released under CC0

Collections of CC licensed works[edit]

A collection involves the assembly of separate and independent original works into a collective whole while keeping them organised as distinct separate objects.
If you are producing a collection, you must attribute all the individual works in your collection and provide the licensing information for each one of them.
When you create a collection, your selection and arrangement of the various original works in the collection (not the individual works themselves) may follow under you own copyright thus you may apply a license to it.
Watch out for NC-NonCommercial: if anything in your collection is licensed under a NC license, then you must also license the collection NC.

How to use third parties data: challenges and best practices[edit]

Copyright clearance: checklist with templates

PRODUCE and SHARE: disseminate publications and data in open access[edit]

This section answers the questions:

Planning an open approach to research[edit]

DMP in Arts, Design and Music

Data Management Plan (DMP) for Arts, Design and Music[edit]

The value of Data Management Planning[edit]

Even if the term data does not always resonate well with the communities of cultural practitioners, creative artists and scholars working in the arts domain, keeping a data management plan (DMP) as a living and evolving document throughout the lifetime of a research project is a useful tool. It gives an opportunity to systematically think through, make decisions about and document inputs, throughputs, and outputs of the project and highlight their important provenance details, legal or ethical challenges or sources of uncertainties. It is a roadmap that facilitates a shared understanding within the project (even in case of a solo project, like writing a dissertation) over which resources will be used, curated and produced during the project, how to backup and store them in a secure way, how to select resources for publication, in which forms and formats to publish them, what are the outputs that need long-term preservation and sustaining and how to document them and what are the associated costs and efforts.

Data Management Plans as a funding requirement[edit]

Increasingly, keeping a DMP alongside research projects is becoming a condition of funding by many research funders, such as SNSF or Horizon Europe.

Data Management Plans required by SNSF[edit]

Since October 2017, the submission of a data management plan (DMP) has been mandatory in most funding instruments. The SNSF also expects that data produced during the research work will subsequently be publicly accessible in digital databases, provided there are no legal, ethical, copyright or other clauses to the contrary (source). The SNSF DMP is relatively short: its expected length is about 2 pages of text in total, answering 10 questions, plus 2 checkboxes (source). It consists of four sections: (1) data collection and documentation, (2) ethics, legal and security issues, (3) data storage and preservation, and (4) data sharing and reuse.

You can find further information, FAQ guidelines and contact to support services under the following links: https://www.snf.ch/en/FAiWVH4WvpKvohw9/topic/research-policies

https://www.snf.ch/de/dMILj9t4LNk8NwyR/thema/open-research-data

Video support broken down section by section:

Data Management Plans required by Horizon Europe[edit]

Open Science for Arts, Design and Music/Guidelines/Horizon Europe/DMP

Data Management Plans templates[edit]

Checklist of the most important milestones throughout the research workflow that enable Open Access (and FAIR) sharing of research results and accompanying resources[edit]

  • Terms and conditions requests by grantmakers (examples from SNF, European research programmes)
  • Terms and conditions of your institutions (open access policy, regulations related to copyright, code of conduct, examples from the schools)
  • Terms and conditions of the partner organisations (examples from museums, other universities, NGOs, companies…)
  • Available data storage and other data infrastructure (cloud services such as NextCloud, data repository, OMEKA instance etc.)

Tips[edit]

  • Active involvement of all the project partners is key in a successful implementation of the DMP.
  • Doing research is usually not a linear process. In case DMPs are expected to be updated throughout the project lifetime, it is more than ok to indicate uncertainties, decisions to be made later in the initial versions of DMPs.
  • Indicating costs associated with preservation, publication and sustaining of project outputs is a key component of DMPs. It includes both time and effort spent with e.g. documentation and preparing resources for publication and in some cases also monetary costs. This resource guides you through the cost estimation aspect of DMPs: https://zenodo.org/record/4518901#.YxXxw7RBxD8

Data Management Plans tools[edit]

You do not have to use specific tools while working on project DMPs apart from an empty document but there are available DMP creator resources that systematically guide you through the process, such as:

General approach[edit]

Open by default - open licenses on all content where possible (CC0 for data; CC BY for texts, video, images; CC BY-SA for collaborative projects involving citizens) - OVERVIEW CHART of the CC licenses - which license what is allowed, which research scenario

  • Getting started with rights management FLOWCHART (ongoing project in the middle, backwards: identification of the rights holder, authorization where needed etc.; forward: OA to resulting publications, copyright retention and all the other OA-related issues that are to be negotiated with the publisher.
  • Include the rights management in the project (template)
  • Agreement with institutions - Heritage Data Reuse Charter (template)
  • Agreement with all the project team (including researchers, students, citizens, participants…)
  • Ethics of research and protection of privacy, sensitive data and GDPR

Share your work with CC licences[edit]

CC licences

Creative Commons Licenses[edit]

Creative Commons (CC) Licenses are probably the most known and most widely used copyright non-exclusive licenses. CC Licenses promote the sharing and re-use of creativity and knowledge by replacing the default 'all right reserved' approach of copyright, with the 'some rights' reserved approach. In other words, they enable right holders (licensors) to release some of the rights that are granted by copyright law. CC licenses grant others (licensees) permission to use, share and modify licensors' creative works, and clearly define the conditions for such re-use.
CC licenses are free of charge and can be used for any type of copyrighted work (including research data, educational resources, scientific publications, music, pictures, databases, sound, video etc), except for softwares. They are irrevocable: licensors are not allowed to change towards a more restrictive license as this would break the whole system. However, licensors are always allowed to change the license to a less restrictive one (e.g. from CC BY-SA-NC to CC0), as this change does not create any troubles with previous usages of the work. CC Licenses are non-exclusive (creators and owners can enter various licensing arrangements for the same work at any time) and do not affect moral rights.

CC licenses vs. Copyright[edit]

CC Licenses do not substitute copyright laws but simply offer right holders the possibility to organize and manage rights within the framework of existing copyright legislation. CC licenses are built within copyright law. A such they can be applied only to copyrightable works by the right holder. CC licenses cannot be applied to works that are included in the worldwide public domain. They do not limit or suppress any of the rights that are granted under the exceptions and limitations to copyright. Other types of intellectual property (e.g., patents and trademarks) are not covered by CC licenses. Creators retain the copyright and their right to be credited, while permitting reusers to copy and distribute their work. They work internationally and have they same lifespan as copyright.

CC licenses[edit]

CC licenses provide a range of options for creators who want to share their works with the public rather than reserving all rights under copyright.
They consist of three layers design:

Design layer Definition
'lawyer readable' legal code these are the legal terms and conditions that can be enforced in court
'human readable' common deeds this is plain language summary of legal terms and conditions
'machine readable' metadata this layer is written into a format for use by search algorithm and other softwares.

There are six CC licenses that are a combination of one or more of the following four elements:

Icon Right Description
Creative Commons Attribution new icon BY Attribution this means that the author (not the right holder) must be credited. All CC licenses include this condition.
Creative Commons Share Alike icon SA Share Alike if you modify, transform or build upon the work, you have to share/distribute the derivative work under the same or compatible license.
Creative Commons No Derivative Works icon ND No-Derivatives it is allowed to adapt but not to share adaptations of the work.
Creative Commons Noncommercial icon NC Non-Commercial commercial use of the work is not allowed.

The main decisions that a licensor must take when choosing one of the six CC licenses are:

  • Do I want to allow commercial use?
  • Do I want to allow derivative works? If so, do I want the adaptations to be shared under the same or compatible license?

Depending of the answers, the licensor can choose among six different license options, from least to most restrictive:

Button License Name Abbreviation Description Open
Attribution CC BY people can use and adapt the work for any purpose (also commercial) as long as they give credit to the creator. √
Attribution-ShareAlike CC BY-SA people can use and adapt the work for any purpose (also commercial) as long as they give credit to the creator and share the derivative work under the same or compatible license. √
Attribution-NonCommercial CC BY-NC people can use and adapt the work for non-commercial purpose only as long as they give credit to the creator.
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike CC BY-NC-SA people can use and adapt the work for non-commercial purpose only as long as they give credit to the creator and share the derivative work under the same or compatible license.
Attribution-NoDerivatives CC BY-ND people can use and share the unadapted work for any purpose (also commercial) as long as they give credit to the creator.
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives CC BY-NC-ND people can use and share the unadapted work for non-commercial purpose only as long as they give credit to the creator.

CC licenses and the Public Domain[edit]

In addition to the CC license suite, CC also has two public domain tools. Public domain tools and licenses are not equivalent.

Button Tool Name and Abbreviation Description Open
CC0 this tool can be used by creators who wants to dedicate their work to the public domain. However, in some countries creators are not allowed to renounce all rights granted by copyright law. In this case, CC0 includes a “backup plan” license that allows anyone worldwide to use the work unconditionally for any purposes √
Public Domain Mark this mark informs the public about the public domain status of a work. It does not have a legal effect and is used to signal that a work is free of all copyright restrictions. √

Open vs Not-Open CC Licenses[edit]

According to the Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities, all users should have a free, irrevocable, worldwide right of access and permission to copy, use, distribute, (...), make and distribute derivative works in any digital medium, for any responsible purpose, subject to proper attribution of authorship. Therefore, only three CC licenses are completely in line with such definition of “open”: CC0, CC-BY and CC-BY-SA. The other four CC licenses - CC BY-ND, CC BY-NC, CC BY-NC-ND and CC BY-NC-SA - are not considered “open” for they are more restrictive than the "open" requirements.
Creative commons license spectrum
Creative commons license spectrum by Shaddim is licenced under CC BY 4.0

Licence your work

License your work[edit]

Before choosing a CC license check that you control copyright in the work to which you wish to apply the license.

Do you want to release your work in open access?
YES NO
Do you want to dedicate your work to the public domain? Do you want to allow commercial use?
YES – CC0 NO YES NO
Should adaptations of your work be released under the same or compatible CC license? Do you want to allow derivative works? Do you want to allow derivative works?
YES – CC BY-SA NO – CC BY NO – CC BY-ND YES – CC BY-NC NO – CC BY-NC-ND
Should adaptations of your work be released under the same or compatible CC license?
YES – CC BY-NC-SA

In case the use of third-party material does not allow for open licensing of each part of your work, DARIAH-EU recommends to use the least restrictive license applicable to your content. You can exclude third-party material from the license provision of your publication, but make sure to mark these exceptions clearly. This way the rights of the original copyright holder are respected while you are free to release your own publication under an open license.

Adding a CC license to your work is simple. You just need include, somewhere in your work, all the information that others will need to properly attribute your work. The information are:

T Title The title of your work
A Author Your name
S Source A link to or notice regarding where your work can be found
L Licence The specific Creative Commons license you’ve chosen for your work, including the version of the license. Also include a link (or other directions that guide users) to the legal code for the license.

If you are publishing your content on an online platform, use the built-in CC license tools to mark your work with a CC license.
If you need further information and examples from various types of media, visit 'Marking your work with a CC license'.

What if someone does something with your CC licensed work you disagree with?[edit]

As long as users comply with the terms and conditions of the CC license, you cannot control how your material is used. But, you can always choose not to be associated with your material or to uses of it that you don't like. In other words, you can waive the attribution requirement, thus require that the licensee remove the attribution information and choose not to be identified as the author-licensor or the original work.
Remember that anyone modifying your cc licensed work must indicate that the original material has been modified. In so doing, any changes made to your original material cannot be attributed back to the you.

Disseminating research output in open access[edit]

There are several options to disseminate your work in open access: you can publish the results of your research in an open access journal and/or deposit your work (publications and data) in an open archive.

Articles[edit]

Publishing in an open access journal

Books[edit]

Turning closed access publications to Open Access retrospectively

Turning older publications legally into open access is not a mission impossible any more. This possibility is becoming part of the service portfolio of more and more publishers (e.g. Routledge). Even if it is not explicitly offered on the publisher’s due to low demand or to the relative novelty of this practice, it is worth highlighting this possibility as a source of revenue for your publisher.

If funding for this purpose is available, the authors of the publication and the publisher agree on the details of re-licensing or double-licensing and create a new contract.

+ Template renegotiation with copyright holders

+ Template co-authors

+ Template publisher

Thesis, dissertations[edit]

Institutional publications[edit]

Databases[edit]

Research data and metadata[edit]

Data visualisation and infographics[edit]

Websites[edit]

Multimedia[edit]

Educational material[edit]

Software[edit]

Funding Open Acces[edit]

How to fund Open Access

How to fund Open Access?[edit]

A fundamental difference to the traditional closed access (or paywalled) models is that when publishing Open Access, costs of publication and dissemination are moved from the demand/reader side to the supply/author side. This however does not mean that authors need to pay Article or Book Processing Charges from their pockets.

In reality, these costs are covered either by funders of external research grants (such as Horizon Europe or The Swiss National Science Foundation) or by research performing institutions. In the former case, costs of Open Access publications are included in the budget of the funded project (see the example of SNSF here). In the latter case, universities and other research institutions have transformative agreements (see Swiss examples above) in place and in addition to them, also institutional Open Access publication funds. This however does not always fully cover the Open Access publication of each and every affiliated or loosely affiliated scholarly works. To mitigate gaps in the funding landscape, organisations like DARIAH ERIC have dedicated Open Access book publication grants in place. In yet another funding model, which is all probably the most sustainable one, academic institutions and their libraries pay in a shared pot to collectively fund Open Access publishing venues that are important for their communities and where their authors are free to publish. This way, these institutions take back ownership of and control over the publishing infrastructure instead of simply paying publication prices defined by for-profit publishers. The Open Library of Humanities is probably the best known example of them. [Swiss examples to be added.]

To gain up-to-date information of Open Access funding available for you or your research team, we recommend contacting your institutional library or your national research funder (SNSF, DFG, NWO etc.) for information.

In many cases, scholars without institutional affiliation and project funding or researchers coming from lesser resourced countries can apply for APC waivers.

For books, the OAPEN Open Access Books Toolkit curates a regularly updated list of available funding for the Open Access Publication of academic books across Europe here: https://oabooks-toolkit.org/lifecycle/10944589-planning-funding/article/9012512-overview-of-available-funding

Further information about Open Access book funding is available on the dedicated discussion board of the Open Access Book Network here: https://hcommons.org/groups/open-access-books-network/forum/topic/developments-for-open-access-book-funding-policies/

Open Access funding opportunities in Switzerland

Open Access funding opportunities in Switzerland[edit]

Information, funding, Open Access journal finder for Swiss scholars is available on the SNSF's website here: https://oa100.snf.ch/en/news-en/open-access-simple-and-efficient-publishing-with-chronoshub/ and here: https://oa100.snf.ch/en/funding/. Further, in collaboration with the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), swissuniversities offers scientists and scholars practical and financial support for the Open Access publication of their work.

Currently, there are several Swiss universities offering free-to-publish-free-to-read read Open Access publishing platforms for journals, such as the Hauptbibliothek Open Publishing Environment (HOPE) for the University of Zürich. Initiated by the swissuniversities alliance, the PLATO project (2022-2024) develops a sustainable funding model that enables collaborative community-driven and high-quality Open Access Publishing in Switzerland. HOPE provides a platform to researchers of the University of Zurich for publishing in Open Access journals

The Swiss Consortium of Swiss Academic Libraries is responsible for negotiating for, providing and administering Open Access transformative agreements with traditionally closed access publishers across the country. You can read more about them here: https://consortium.ch/vertraege-konditionen/?lang=en

STORE: make research data open while enabling reuse[edit]

This section answers the questions:

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