Visualizing sustainability and climate change on Wikipedia/Cognitive biases
List of Wikipedia articles related to climate change and cognitive biases.
The sub-topic will be used to test the Impact Visualizer tool.
Relevant portals
[edit]Portal: Climate change
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Climate_change
Methodological note
[edit]Premise
[edit]The Working Group III (Mitigation of Climate Change) of the the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) states in the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) that: "In designing such [mitigation and adaptation] measures and in deciding how to present them to stakeholders, one needs to recognize both the strengths and limitations of decision makers [...]. Decision makers often have insufficient or imperfect knowledge about climate risks, a deficit that can and needs to be addressed by better data and public education. However, cognitive and motivational barriers are equally or more important in this regard (Weber and Stern, 2011)." (chapter 2.4.1).
And in the Sixths Assessment Report (AR5) the Working Group III notes: "The continued increase in global emissions to 2019, despite three decades of scientific warnings of ever-greater clarity and urgency, motivates growing attention in the literature to the psychological ‘faults of our rationality’ (Bryck and Ellis 2016), and the political nature of climate mitigation." (chapter 1.7.4).
The first phase of the "Visualizing Sustainability and Climate Change on Wikipedia" project highlighted the need to support climate action. As stated by IPCC Working Group III, understanding the psychological dimension is a relevant component of mitigation and adaptation efforts. This clustering exercise therefore aims to identify whether and how the psychological “faults of our rationality” are represented in the project’s initial dataset, as well as to list major gaps.
Ideally, subsequent work could strengthen awareness of the links between climate change, risk perception, and climate action by further developing the dataset’s articles and ensuring cross-referencing.
Approach
[edit]The two IPCC reports by Working Group III have been used as reference. Additionally, the book "Scongeliamo i cervelli non i ghiacciai" by Matteo Motterlini (Solferino, 2025) has been considered. Motterlini is a philosopher of science at Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (Milan, Italy) with a focus on cognitive biases as well as a popular author. The book addresses the question: why, despite the evidence-based urgency, are we not acting to mitigate climate change?. It is meant for the general audience. The decision to rely on these sources, scientific and general audience-oriented, reflects the aim of Wikipedia to provide information that is scientifically accurate and accessible.
The selection of articles focuses on cognitive biases that hinder rational thinking and decision-making. The dimension of social norms and their influence, while relevant and addressed by both IPCC WGIII reports and Motterlini’s book, is not considered here. This choice is based on the need to contain the dataset’s size for testing purposes.
The cluster includes:
- cognitive biases and other psychological effects that impact understanding and motivation to act
- concepts that are strongly related or impacted by them (e.g. "future generations", "social discount rate")
- strategies used to orient (both positively and negatively) the public discourse on climate change as well as public behaviour (e.g., "nudge theory", applied in designing policies that consider these biases in a constructive manner; "manipulation", negative exploitation) if present in the initial dataset
- Individuals, organisations, cultural artefacts linked to this research area if present in the original dataset.
Research on human judgment and decision-making is interdisciplinary, it is studied in cognitive science, social psychology, and behavioural economics. This dataset is not intended to provide a comprehensive overview. Instead, it constitutes an exploratory scoping exercise, focused on articles included in the project’s initial dataset and expanded with key cognitive biases identified in the IPCC WGIII reports and Motterlini's book.
Method
[edit]Phase 1.
[edit]- Identification of keywords in the IPCC reports and in Motterlini's book. The process has been partially assisted by Chatgpt (manual identification of core biases and concepts in the book, LLM assisted identification of core biases and concepts in the IPCC reports followed by manual re-check and validation).
- Verification of the presence of items identified in step 1 on Wikipedia in the 4 languages (EN, FR, SP, IT).
- Identification of items present in the project's initial dataset and corresponding or strongly linked to the keywords identified in step 1.
Output of Phase 1. is a table listing Wikipedia articles in the four language editions.
Phase 2.
[edit]- Evaluation of existing articles and of the articles missing in the dataset but present on Wikipedia. For this task, the initial dataset will be integrated with the missing articles relevant to the cognitive bias cluster and the Visualising Wikipedia tool is to be employed (ongoing).
The tool analysis will assess:
- the entries' quality according to Wikipedia parameters
- concurrent presence (or absence) of references to the two main topics, i.e. climate change and cognitive biases and the psychological dimension overall.
Findings: Phase 1.
[edit]The initial analysis (before the analysis via the visual tool) shows:
- Cognitive biases and other "psychological ‘faults of our rationality’" are represented on Wikipedia, including with a detailed list of biases.
- The project's initial dataset has some entries that can be related to this field of study, but their presence is limited and occasional. Furthermore, the items included in the dataset are only tangentially related to the topic.
- The representation of cognitive biases and other "psychological ‘faults of our rationality’" varies across languages. The field of study is best represented in the English edition, followed by the French and the Spanish editions. The topic is less developed in the Italian edition. In detail, out of the proposed 75 entries, the English edition has 74 articles (31 already included in the initial dataset); the French edition has 54 articles (26 also in the initial dataset); the Spanish edition has 50 articles (of which 21 are present in the initial dataset); the Italian has 32 articles (16 also in the initial dataset).
- Article quality will be assessed via the visual tool. Analysis on a random sample shows that article quality varies, with some articles being well resourced, structured and articulated, some being only stubs.
- According to random samples, climate change appears to be referred to as an area for which cognitive biases are relevant in rare cases only (systematic analysis to be carried out via the tool).
- Cognitive biases are only occasionally mentioned as relevant in climate change-related articles (idem).
- The interdisciplinary nature of cognitive biases—spanning cognitive science, social psychology, and behavioural economics—can lead to occasional inconsistencies in content organisation across language editions.
Disclosure: Chiara Somajni contributed to Matteo Motterlini's book with some review & editing work.
Articles
[edit]Table's keys and criteria
VIS = article is featured in the initial dataset
link = "yes" means both the cognitive dimension and climate change are present in the article, "no" means one of the two is missing
kind = articles have been labelled to get an approximate indication of the cluster's composition. The label used are:
- reference: the IPCC WGIII AR5 and Ar6 reports and Matteo Motterlini's book
- main_topic: climate change and cognitive bias
- cognitive: cognitive biases and psychological mechanisms
- impact: entity influenced by cognitive biases
- interested_party: formal and informal organizations included in the initial dataset that have a documented active role in shaping public discourse toward climate denialism and related policies
- strategy: techniques used to influence public perception and behaviour
- person: includes individuals from the initial dataset who have studied, exposed or exploited cognitive biases
- culture: books, films, blogs included in the initial dataset
date = articles in the 4 languages last accessed
References
[edit]- IPCC, 2014: Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Edenhofer, O., R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, E. Farahani, S. Kadner, K. Seyboth, A. Adler, I. Baum, S. Brunner, P. Eickemeier, B. Kriemann, J. Savolainen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow, T. Zwickel and J.C. Minx (eds.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. ISBN 978-1-107-65481-5 [©, accessible]
- IPCC, 2022: Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change], Shukla, P. R., Skea, J., Reisinger, A., & IPCC, editors IPCC, Geneva, 2022. ISBN 978-92-9169-160-9 [©, accessible]
- IPCC, 2014: Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151 pp. ISBN 978-92-9169-143-2 [©, accessible
- IPCC, 2023: Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Core Writing Team, H. Lee and J. Romero (eds.). IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 184 pp., ISBN 978-92-9169-160-9, https://doi.org/10.59327/IPCC/AR6-9789291691647 [©, accessible online]
- Motterlini, Matteo. Scongeliamo i cervelli non i ghiacciai. Solferino 2025. ISBN 978-88-282-1795-4 [©]
Suggested bibliography
[edit]The bibliography is largely an extract from Matteo Motterlini's book "Scongeliamo i cervelli non i ghiacciai", Solferino (2025)
Selected books
[edit]- Ackerman, F., Heinzerling, L. (2004). Priceless: On Knowing the Price of Everything and the Value of Nothing, New Press, New York. ISBN 1565848500 [©]
- Norgaard, K.M. (2011). Living in Denial: Climate Change, Emotions, and Everyday Life. MIT Press, Cambridge (MA). ISBN: 9780262515856. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262015448.001.0001 [©]
- Elster, J. (1979). Ulysses and the Sirens: Studies in Rationality and Irrationality, Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-26984-1 [©]
- Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford University Press. ISBN 9780804709118 [©]
- Guthrie, S.E. (1993). Faces in the Clouds: A New Theory of Religion. Oxford University Press, New York. ISBN 0-19-506901-3 [©, accessible]
- Kahneman, D., Tversky, A. (Eds.) (2000). Choices, Values, and Frames. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 9780511803475. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511803475
- Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, Fast and Slow. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 978-0374275631 [©]
- Kahneman, D. Sibony, O., Sunstein, C.R. (2021). Noise: A Flaw in Human Judgment, William Collins, London.
- Mann, Michael E. (2021). The New Climate: The Fight to Take Back Our Planet War. PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-541-75822-3 [©]
- Marshall, G. (2014). Don’t Even Think About It: Why Our Brains Are Wired to Ignore Climate Change, Bloomsbury, New York. ISBN 9781620401330 [©]
- Mooney, Chris (2012). The Republican Brain: The Science of Why They Deny Science- and Reality. John Wyley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey. ISBN 978-1-118-09451-8 [©]
- Motterlini, M. (2008). Trappole mentali. Come difendersi dalle proprie illusioni e dagli inganni altrui. Rizzoli. ISBN 978-8817039062 [©]
- Nordhaus, W.D. (2013). The Climate Casino: Risk, Uncertainty, and Economics for a Warming World. Yale University Press, New Haven. ISBN 9780300203813 [©]
- Nordhaus, W.D. (2008). A Question of Balance: Weighing the Options on Global Warming Policies, Yale University Press, New Haven. ISBN 9780300165982
- Oreskes, N., Conway, E.M. (2010). Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming. Bloomsbury Press. ISBN 978-1-59691-610-4 [©]
- Parfit, D. (1984). Reasons and Persons. Oxford University Press, Oxford. ISBN 9780198249085 [©]
- Seligman, M. E., Railton, P., Baumeister, R. F., & Sripada, C. (2016). Homo prospectus. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199374472 [©]
- Stern, N. (2006). The economics of climate change: The Stern review. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521700801. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511817434 [©]
- Stern, N. (2009). A Blueprint for a Safer Planet: How to Manage Climate Change and Create a New Era of Progress and Prosperity, Bodley Head. ISBN 978-1847920379 [©]
- Stern, N. (2006). The economics of climate change: The Stern review. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521700801. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511817434 [©]
- Stoknes, Per Espen (2015). What We Think About When We Try Not To Think About Global Warming. Chelsea Green Publishers. ISBN 1603585834 [©]
- Sunstein, C.R. (2019). Conformity: The Power of Social Influences. New York University Press, New York, NY, USA, pp. 192. ISBN 978-1479867837 [©]
- Sunstein, C.R. (2019). How Change Happens, MIT Press, Cambridge (MA) [©]
- Sunstein, Cass R. (2024). Climate Justice: What Rich Nations Owe the World–And the Future. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN 9780262049467 [©]
- Sunstein, Cass R. (2025). Manipulation: What It Is, Why It's Bad, What to Do About It. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-00-962021-5.
- Taleb, N.N. (2007). The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable, Random House, New York. ISBN 978-0713999952 [©]
- Thaler, R.H., Sunstein, C.R. (2021). Nudge. Yale University Press, 2008. ISBN 978-0-300-12223-7. Nudge. The Final edition, Penguin. ISBN 978-0143137009 [©]
- Thaler, R. H. (2015) Misbehaving: The Making of Behavioral Economics. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-08094-0 [©]
- van der Linden, S. (2023). Foolproof: Why Misinformation Infects Our Minds and How to Build Immunity, W. W. Norton & Company, New York.
Selected papers
[edit]- Bazerman, M.H., Rogers, T. (2008). Future Lock-In: Future implementation increases selection of "should" choices «Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes», vol. 106, pp. 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2007.08.001 [©]
- Bazerman, M.H. (2006). Climate Change as a Predictable Surprise, in «Climatic Change», vol. 77, pp. 179-193. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-006-9058-x [©, accessible]
- Blasch, J. , Daminato, C. (2020). Behavioral Anomalies and Energy-related Individual Choices: The Role of Status-quo Bias, in «The Energy Journal», vol. 41, n. 6, pp. 181-214.
- Bollinger, B. Gillingham, K. (2012). Peer Effects in the Diffusion of Solar Photovoltaic Panels. Marketing Science 31(6):900-912.
- Broome, J. Climate Matters: Ethics in a Warming World, W. W. Norton and Company, New York 2012; E. Roemer, The Ethics of Intertemporal Distribution in a Warming Planet, in «Environmental and Resource Economics», vol. 48, 2011, pp. 363-390.
- Constantino, S.M., Sparkman, G., Kraft-Todd, G.T., Bicchieri, C., Centola, D., Shell-Duncan, B., Vogt, S., Weber, E.U. Scaling Up Change: A Critical Review and Practical Guide to Harnessing Social Norms for Climate Action. Psychol Sci (2022). Public Interest; Oct;23(2):50-97. doi: 10.1177/15291006221105279. PMID: 36227765.
- Cook, J., Oreskes, N., Doran, P.T., Anderegg, W. R. L., Verheggen, B., Maibach, E.W., Carlton, J.S., Lewandowsky, S., Skuce, A.G., Green, S.A., Nuccitelli, D., Jacobs, P., Richardson, M., Winkler, B., Painting, R., & Rice, K. (2016). Consensus on consensus: a synthesis of consensus estimates on human-caused global warming. Environmental Research Letters, 11(4), 48002. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/048002. [CC BY 3.0]
- Daly, H.E. (1991). Steady-State Economics: Second Edition with New Essays, Island Press, Washington D.C.
- Darley, J.M., Latané, B. (1968). Bystander intervention in emergencies: Diffusion of responsibility, in «Journal of Personality and Social Psychology», vol. 8, n. 4 (pt 1), pp. 377-383.
- Dasgupta, Partha (2008). Discounting climate change. J Risk Uncertain 37, 141–169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11166-008-9049-6 [©]
- Dawes, R.M. Rational Choice in an Uncertain World, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, San Diego 1988.
- Doell, K.C., Todorova, B., Vlasceanu, M. et al. (2024). The International Climate Psychology Collaboration: Climate change-related data collected from 63 countries. Sci Data 11, 1066. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03865-1 [open access]
- Drupp, M.A., Freeman, M.C., Groom, B., Nesje, F. (2018). Discounting Disentangled, in «American Economic Journal: Economic Policy», vol. 10, n. 4, pp. 109-134. https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20160240 [©]
- Dunning, D., Kruger, J. (1999). Unskilled and unaware of it: How difficulties in recognizing one's own incompetence lead to inflated self-assessments, in «Journal of Personality and Social Psychology», vol. 77, n. 6, pp. 1121-1134.
- Dunning, D. (2011). The Dunning-Kruger effect: On being ignorant of one's own ignorance, in «Advances in Experimental Social Psychology», vol. 44, 2011, pp. 247-296.
- Ebeling, F., Lotz, S. (2015). Domestic uptake of green energy promoted by opt-out tariffs, in «Nature Climate Change», vol. 5, pp. 868-871.
- Frederick, S., Loewenstein, G., O'Donoghue, T. (2002). Time Discounting and Time Preference: A Critical Review. «Journal of Economic Literature», vol. 40, n. 2, pp. 351-401 [©]
- Gifford, R. (2011). The Dragons of Inaction: Psychological Barriers That Limit Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation. American Psychologist, vol. 66, n. 4. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023566 [©]
- Gifford, R., Scannell, L., Kormos, C. et al. (2009). Temporal pessimism and spatial optimism in environmental assessments: An 18-nation study. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 29, pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2008.06.001 [©, accessible]
- Gollier, C. (2019). Ecological Discounting, in «Journal of Economic Theory», vol. 145, n. 2, pp. 812-829.
- Gowdy, J.M. (2008). Behavioral Economics and Climate Change Policy. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, vol. 68, nn. 3-4, 2008, pp. 632-644. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2008.06.011 [©, accessible]
- Groom, B., Drupp, M.A., Freeman, M.C., Nesje, F. (2022). The Future, Now: A Review of Social Discounting, in «Annual Review of Resource Economics», vol. 14, n. 1, pp. 467-491. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-resource-111920-020721 [©, accessible]
- Hagmann, D., Ho, E.H. & Loewenstein, G. Nudging out support for a carbon tax. Nat. Clim. Chang. 9, 484–489 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0474-0
- Hartman, R.S., Doane, M.J., Woo, C.-K. (1991). Consumer Rationality and the Status Quo, in «Quarterly Journal of Economics», n. 106, n.1, pp. 141-162.
- IPCC, 2007: Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [B. Metz, O.R. Davidson, P.R. Bosch, R. Dave, L.A. Meyer (eds.)], Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA., XXX pp. ISBN 978-0-521-88011-4 [©, accessible]
- Jachimowicz, J.M., Duncan, S., Weber, E.U., Johnson, E.J. (2019) When and why defaults influence decisions: a meta-analysis of default effects. Behavioural Public Policy; 3(2):159-186.
- Kaiser, M., Bernauer, M., Sunstein, C.R., Reisch, L.A. (2020). The Power of Green Defaults: The Impact of Regional Variation of Opt-out Tariffs on Green Energy Demand in Germany, in “Ecological Economics”, vol. 174, art. 106685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106685 [CC BY-NC-ND 4.0]
- Kahneman, D., Tversky, A. (1988). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. P. Gärdenfors & N.-E. Sahlin (Eds.), Decision, probability, and utility: Selected readings (pp. 183–214). (Reprinted from "Econometrica," 47 (1979), pp. 263-291). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511609220.014 [©]
- Kahneman, K., Knetsch, J.L., Thaler, R.H. (1991). Anomalies: The Endowment Effect, Loss Aversion, and Status Quo Bias.
Journal of Economic Perspectives, 5 (1): 193–206. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.5.1.193 [©, accessible]
- Korteling, J.E, Paradies, G.L. and Sassen-van Meer, J.P. (2023). Cognitive bias and how to improve sustainable decision making. Front. Psychol. 14:1129835. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1129835 [CC BY]
- Kurth, C., Pihkala P. (2022). Eco-anxiety: What it is and why it matters, in «Frontiers in Psychology», vol. 13.
- Leiserowitz, A. (2006). Climate change risk perception and policy preferences: The role of affect, imagery, and values. Climatic Change, 77, 45–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-006-9059-9
- Liang, Zhiyuan; van den Berg, Vincent A. C.; Verhoef, Erik T.; Wang, Yacan (2024). Using nudging information to manage congestion and emissions in a road and metro network,Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper, No. TI 2024-081/VIII, Tinbergen Institute, Amsterdam and Rotterdam
- Lorenzoni, I., Nicholson-Cole, S., Whitmarsh, L. (2007). Barriers Perceived to Engaging with Climate Change Among the UK Public and Their Policy Implications, in «Global Environmental Change», vol. 17, nn. 3-4, pp. 445-459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2007.01.004 [©, accessible]
- Pichert, D., Katsikopoulos, K.V. (2008). Green defaults: Information presentation and pro-environmental behaviour, Journal of Environmental Psychology, vol. 28, pp. 63-73
- Pauly, D. (1995). Anecdotes and the shifting baseline syndrome of fisheries, in «Trends in Ecology and Evolution», vol. 10, n. 10, p. 430.
- Ramsey, F.P. (1928). A Mathematical Theory of Saving, in «The Economic Journal», vol. 38, n. 152, pp. 543-559.
- Rink, P., Rodgers, A., Gregory, P. L. (2021). Children, Climate, and Constitutional Rights: Juliana v. United States (November 1, 2021). 21(10) Pratt's Energy Law Report [©,[1]]
- Rabaa, Simon; Geisendorf, Sylvie; Wilken, Robert (2022). Why change does (not) happen: Understanding and overcoming status quo biases in climate change mitigation, Zeitschrift für Umweltpolitik und Umweltrecht, ISSN 0931-0983, Deutscher Fachverlag, Frankfurt am Main, Vol. 45, Iss. 1, pp. 100-134
- Samuelson, W., Zeckhauser, R. (1988). Status quo bias in decision making, in «Journal of Risk and Uncertainty», vol. 1, n. 1, pp. 7-59.
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- Weber, E. (2015). Climate Change Demands Behavioral Change: What Are the Challenges?. Social Research, vol. 82, n. 3, pp. 561-580;
- Weber, E. (2017). Breaking Cognitive Barriers to a Sustainable Future. Nature Human Behaviour, vol. 1, n. 1, pp. 1-2.
- Weitzman, M.L. (2009). On Modeling and Interpreting the Economics of Catastrophic Climate Change, in «The Review of Economics and Statistics», vol. 91, n. 1, pp. 1-19.
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- White, L.V., Sintov, N.D. (2017). You are what you drive: Environmentalist and social innovator symbolism drives electric vehicle adoption intentions. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 99, 94–113.
- Zhao, Jiaying; Luo, Yu (2021) A framework to address cognitive biases of climate change, Neuron, Volume 109, Issue 22.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2021.08.029
-- (still to be sorted:) --
- Bicchieri, C. (2005). The Grammar of Society: The Nature and Dynamics of Social Norms, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
- Schneider, C.R., van der Linden, S. (2023). Social norms as a powerful lever for motivating pro-climate actions, in «One Earth», vol. 6, n. 4, pp. 346-351.
- G. Sparkman, L. Howe e G. Walton, How social norms are often a barrier to addressing climate change but can be part of the solution, in «Behavioural Public Policy», vol. 5, n. 4, 2021, pp. 528-555.
- J. M. Nolan, Social norm interventions as a tool for pro-climate change, in «Current Opinion in Psychology», vol. 42, 2021, pp. 120-125.
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Credits
[edit]Chiara Somajni in consultation with Iolanda Pensa. Thanks to Florian Maximilian Meier for his feedback.