WikiConference India 2023/Submissions/Submitted/Introduction World Cup Knowledge
== Now go ahead with Introduction of World Cup Knowledge ==
Logo-1: Know thyself (in light of Knowledge)
== Proposal for Introduction of World Cup Knowledge [INSERT_TITLE] == === Abstract/description of your session === Why proposed World Cup Knowledge?
Introduction: Earth is the only planet in the solar system that has a habitable atmosphere. As far as we know, no sign of life has been found anywhere in the universe except Earth. There is life pulsating in this world, from tiny insects to the great blue whales of the sea, forest tigers, bears, elephants, lions, rhinoceroses, etc.—who are far superior in strength to the feeble human being.
But whales and tigers, bears, elephants, lions and rhinoceros are imprisoned in zoos in the net of knowledge and wisdom by human hands, that is, the basis of human superiority in the Earth as well as the Universe is not power but the knowledge.
It should be noted that knowledge is practiced in schools, colleges, universities, knowledge competition is held every year through examination programs. Virtually knowledge competition is held in the name of IQ for job placement. But it is not universal on a broad basis. Application of this knowledge is limited to academic or recruitment selection.
Under the above circumstances, beside the World Cup Hockey, World Cup Cricket, World Cup Football this proposal of World Cup Knowledge Competition aims to spread the light of knowledge at the grass roots by universalizing this knowledge competition.
Especially the unique expression of knowledge is the best contribution of 'Science' The knowledge-based use of 'Technology' can bring the environment-friendly welfare of the world. On the other hand, the opposite use of knowledge can lead to terrible global disasters. Therefore, along with our science research, knowledge research is also important.
Notably, American astrophysicist Carl Sagan, nearing the end of his life, repeated a memorable quote from social scientist Jacob Bronozy, "We have built a scientific civilization—in which knowledge and the purity of knowledge are of the utmost importance."
Sagan warned in his book The Demon Haunted World before his death that "a dark age is upon us unless science and culture are reconciled with the advancement of technology".
He further said, "We can make our world meaningful with the depth of knowledge. Because without knowledge, no human behavior can develop, he cannot be properly civilized. It is vain to expect from him the behavior of justice and moderation. They It is possible to do any destructive and arbitrary work easily. According to him, this world is a beautiful place full of impossible love and moral depth".
He says, "How close we are biologically to other animals; but what a cruel irony-how needlessly we suffer them, how senselessly we kill them. How tragic! An animal like a whale is killed for making lipstick".
Prior knowledge on climate
A report published by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change revealed that at least 600 of the world's leading environmental scientists agree that global warming, i.e. climate change, is caused by environmental disasters and Natural disasters is involved the unethical actions of humans with nature.
Earth Day People actually showed environmental awareness in 1970 in Washington by celebrating Earth Day for the first time.
Note that one of Indian leading environmental scientist said several decades ago in a warning message: Earth is soon going to turn into a barren desert like Mars!
It can be remember that the American astronauts of Apollo-11 in July 1969 observed the Earth in the form of a beautiful green planet during the lunar mission. But a few years later, the Japanese astronauts were horrified to see the faded form of the same earth in space.
French Philosopher William Sorokin highlighted the reality of human morality and said with sadness: "We are living in a dying culture". It is obvious that immorality affects not only the environment; Moreover, its impact on the larger unity of the human race is also falling in a terrible form.
It should be noted that in January 2020, soon after the World Health Organization declared Corona as an 'epidemic', United Nations Secretary-General António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres called for greater unity and solidarity among the human race in a statement aimed at alleviating the Corona-Covid-19. But it is great sad that even during the strict lock down, sporadic incidents like border clashes did not stop. Unfortunately, with the presence of Corona, the third world war has become a matter of time. In this situation, we think it is the demand of the time to discover the scientific formula of peace in the light of knowledge.
To make the world meaningful as well as a place of impossible love, we propose to introduce a new "World Cup" called "World Cup Knowledge Competition/Championship" in addition to the traditional World Cup of Hockey, Cricket, Football and to implement it, we should take effective steps to build with global public opinion as well as comprehensive knowledge research.
Indeed 'Knowledge' is a very essential subject applicable to all walks of life - on which the whole of human civilization is based. Almost all the positive achievements of the human race in the world are a reflection of the good use of knowledge.
The World Science day Date: Thursday, 10 November 2022; 21st Anniversary.
Sponsor: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
Objectives:
The World Science Day for Peace and Development is annually celebrated for four purposes:
· To strengthen public awareness of the role of science in promoting sustainable development and paving the way for peaceful societies; · To promote national and international solidarity for shared science between nations; · To renew local and international commitment for the use of scientific knowledge and technology to benefit societies; · To draw attention to the challenges faced by science in raising support for the scientific endeavor.
Inception:
The first World Science Day for Peace and Development was officially held on November 10, 2002.
The Day was initially proposed in 1999, by the delegations of Ethiopia and Malawi, at the World Conference on Science in Budapest, Hungary. https://www.careourearth.com/world-science-day/
https://nationaltoday.com/world-science-day-for-peace-and-development/
World Science Day: celebrating knowledge Science is at the very core of our everyday lives. Virtually everything we know, every comfort we enjoy – from smartphones to painkillers – is a direct result of scientific endeavor.
Today we celebrate World Science Day for Peace & Development. Set up by UNESCO in 2001, the 10th November is a moment to stop and think about all that science has given us, and how relevant research is to prosperity, peace and the planet.
And because science affects all of us, it is vital that we involve everyone in the discourse on research and its aims. From teachers, to politicians, to scientists themselves, today is an opportunity for all of us to shout from the rooftops about all that science has and will continue to achieve.
World Science Day really is an opportunity for Diamond to shine! We’ll have BBC broadcasts from the synchrotron, an online campaign highlighting ways in which science is helping to change lives, and the launch of a new edition of the free popular science magazine, Inside Diamond, covering recent work on an Ebola vaccine, mental health drugs and insights into the solar system. Our scientists will also be taking to the radio, television and social media to speak directly with the public about their work.
In a world first, Heptares have successfully used Diamond to scrutinise the atomic structure of receptors in the brain that affect mood, learning and behaviour, and are linked to neurological disorders. Their findings have enabled scientists to design potential drug molecules that fit perfectly with the receptors, modulating their effects and potentially combatting neurological disease.
Thesis: The scientific formula of peace in the light of knowledge Experiment: We move with knowledge”.
Definition of Knowledge
noun, understanding, comprehension, grasp, grip, command, mastery, apprehension, expertise, skill, proficiency, expertness, accomplishment, capacity, capability, know-how, learning, erudition, education etc.
Knowledge is a familiarity or awareness, of someone or something, such as facts (descriptive knowledge), skills (procedural knowledge), or objects (acquaintance knowledge) contributing to ones understanding.
The term "knowledge" can refer to a theoretical or practical understanding of a subject. It can be implicit (as with practical skill or expertise) or explicit (as with the theoretical understanding of a subject); formal or informal; systematic or particular ."knowledge: definition of knowledge in Oxford dictionary (American English) (US)". oxford dictionaries.com. Archived from the original on 14 July 2010.
The philosopher Plato argued that there was a distinction between knowledge and true belief in the Theaetetus, leading many to attribute to him a definition of knowledge as "justified true belief".Steup, Matthias; Neta, Ram (2020), "Epistemology", in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2020 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, retrieved 19 November 2021.Paul Boghossian (2007), Fear of Knowledge: Against relativism and constructivism, Oxford: Clarendon Press, ISBN 978-0199230419, Chapter 7, pp. 95–101.
Indeed, Knowledge is the most essential subject of the field of epistemology, which studies what we know, how we come to know it, and what it means to know something.
The root word of Knowledge is "Know".Indeed,the Best knowing is self-knowing.
That self-knowledge is the highest aim of philosophical inquiry appears to be generally acknowledged. In all the conflicts between the different philosophical schools this objective remained invariable and unshaken: it proved to be the’ Archimedean point, the fixed and immovable center, of all thought. (Source: An Essay on Man is a work, written and published in English in 1944 by Ernst Cassirer).
Know thyself: The Ancient Greek aphorism "know thyself" are: γνῶθι σεαυτόν, transliterated: gnōthi seauton; also ... σαυτόν … sauton and in Latin the phrase, "know thyself", is given as nosce te ipsum[3] or temet nosce.
The Suda, a 10th-century encyclopedia of Greek knowledge, states: "the proverb is applied to those whose boasts exceed what they are", and that "know thyself" is a warning to pay no attention to the opinion of the multitude.
By Socrates One of Socrates's students, the historian Xenophon, described some of the instances of Socrates's use of the Delphic maxim "Know Thyself" in his history titled: Memorabilia. In this writing, Xenophon portrayed his teacher's use of the maxim as an organizing theme for Socrates's lengthy dialogue with Euthydemus.[16]
By Plato
Plato, another student of Socrates, employs the maxim "Know Thyself" extensively by having the character of Socrates use it to motivate his dialogues. Benjamin Jowett's index to his translation of the Dialogues of Plato lists six dialogues which discuss or explore the Delphic maxim: "know thyself".
Scientific knowledge
Science (from the Latin word scientia, meaning "knowledge") is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe.
The earliest roots of science can be traced to Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia..Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, knowledge of Greek conceptions of the world deteriorated in Western Europe during the early centuries of the Middle Ages but was preserved in the Muslim world during the Islamic Golden Age. The recovery and assimilation of Greek works and Islamic inquiries into Western Europe from the 10th to 13th century revived "natural philosophy", which was later transformed by the Scientific Revolution that began in the 16th century as new ideas and discoveries departed from previous Greek conceptions and traditions. The scientific method soon played a greater role in knowledge creation and it was not until the 19th century that many of the institutional and professional features of science began to take shape; along with the changing of "natural philosophy" to "natural science."
Modern science is typically divided into three major branches that consist of the natural sciences (e.g., biology, chemistry, and physics), which study nature in the broadest sense; the social sciences (e.g., economics, psychology, and sociology), which study individuals and societies; and the formal sciences (e.g., logic, mathematics, and theoretical computer science), which study abstract concepts. There is disagreement,however, on whether the formal sciences actually constitute a science as they do not rely on empirical evidence. Disciplines that use existing scientific knowledge for practical purposes, such as engineering and medicine, are described as applied sciences.
Science is based on research, which is commonly conducted in academic and research institutions as well as in government agencies and companies. The practical impact of scientific research has led to the emergence of science policies that seek to influence the scientific enterprise by prioritizing the development of commercial products, armaments, health care, and environmental protection.
► The development of the scientific method has made a significant contribution to how knowledge of the physical world and its phenomena is acquired. "Science – Definition of science by Merriam-Webster". merriam-webster.com. ► To be termed scientific, a method of inquiry must be based on gathering observable and measurable evidence subject to specific principles of reasoning and experimentation."Rules for the study of natural philosophy", Newton 1999, pp. 794–796, from the General Scholium, which follows Book 3, The System of the World.
► The scientific method consists of the collection of data through observation and experimentation, and the formulation and testing of hypotheses.scientific method, Merriam-Webster Dictionary. ► Science, and the nature of scientific knowledge have also become the subject of philosophy. As science itself has developed, scientific knowledge now includes a broader usage Wilson, Timothy D. (12 July 2012). "Stop bullying the 'soft' sciences". Los Angeles Times.
Practical analysis:
Question: It usually does not cause any embarrassment or discomfort due to using natural muscle force (energy) in our daily work but sometimes do we feel a little shocked when we try to lift, push, or move something but why?
Possible Answer: A stationary object on the Earth's surface moves only when force (force) is applied to that object. The more energy or force applied, the faster the object gains energy. That is to say, less is less, speed is more. It should be noted that 1. Matter has an important role to play in the release of stability, that is, force/power to move, so the object is moving as will gain speed.
It also shows that there is a relation between low and high levels of energy in moving and gaining speed of the object. If so, what is the third source? The source with which there will be a dependent relationship, respectively 1. The object will be stable or 2. Will be active? 3. Will the speed of the object be less or more? For a possible answer is as follows:
Scientific analysis Ingredients:
1) Light 2) Brain 3) Knowledge
What is light? ii) Light is at the same time energy, particles and also waves - which enter the eye and give rise to the feeling of vision. Light makes the object visible, but it itself disappears. We do not see the light, but we see the illuminated object.
In the biological process we see: the brain controls the lion's share of the human body's activity. For this purpose, the brain collects information from the sensory nervous system or senses, completes its processing, co-ordinates and coordinates the processed information, and in response decides what kind of instructions will be sent to the neuro(coordinated organ or system.
Functions of the forebrain:
1. The forebrain part acts as the center of various endeavors. 2. The intellect, thought, memory, etc. of the animal controls the human senses. Regulates various physiological functions such as food, intake, excretion, reproduction, etc. 3. Nerves from different clients receive stimuli and analyze those feelings. The average human brain weighs 1.38 or 1.4 kg. The unit of the brain is the neuron. The number of neurons in the brain is 10 billion. The brain, made up of soft material, is protected inside the skull bones in the human head. Direct observation: Enlivening knowledge and how the eyes work.
Different parts of your eye work together to help you see. First, light travels through the cornea (the clear frontal layer of the eye). The cornea is shaped like a dome and bends light to help focus the eyes. Some of this light enters the eye through an opening called the PUOO-pul.
The iris (colored part of the eye) controls how much light enters the eyeball. Then, the light passes through the lens (a clean inner part of the eye). The lens works together with the cornea to focus light properly on the retina.
When light hits the retina (a light-sensitive layer of tissue behind the eye), a special cell called the photoreceptor converts light into electrical signals. These electrical signals travel from the retina to the brain through the optic nerve.
The brain then converts the signals into the images you see. The retina is a light sensitive layer behind the eye. The retina acts like a camera film, capturing the image through a photoreceptor. From there, retinal signals or "images" are transmitted through the optic nerve to the visual center of the brain so that we can interpret what we see.
Cerebrum: The regulator of knowledge The cerebrum of the brain controls human thinking, consciousness, knowledge, memory, will, speech and optional muscle activity. The cerebrum is 80% of the brain.
Functions of neurons: Brain cells include nerve cells (neurons) and the nerve cells (glia cells) that support them. The human brain has more than 8,600 billion neurons and the same number or more. Nerve cells are connected to each other and secrete a substance called neurotransmitter in response to neural stimulation, so that the brain can perform its functions.
Direct observation: Enlivening knowledge
Test No. 01: Flour sack vs. wheat sack. I think there is flour in this sack and there is sack of flour written in it. B contains a sack of wheat. It does not say that it is a sack of wheat. The two sacks have the same size. I think the laborer, knowing the sack of wheat, easily picks it up, moves it, puts it in its proper place, and when he comes back, using his previous experience (assuming the sack of wheat), he picks up the sack of flour and falls backwards. What is the scientific reason for this?
Test No. 02: For example, think a pot at washroom is full of water every day. For some reason, one night the water in the pot was half or zero. Meanwhile, the power supply was cut off due to load shedding. As a result I have shocked to use the waterless pot in the dark but what is the scientific reason for this?
From the above review, observation, discussion, experimental survey it is clear that, firstly, the light emitted from the object is reflected through the retina of the eye, cornea, iris, photoreceptor, neurons of the brain, cerebrum. As soon as the hand touches an visible object, the cerebrum of the brain provides material knowledge through neurons, and directs how much muscle power has to be expended in moving/lifting the object.
As a result we can easily say that we have done the work easily, comfortably everyday due to proper direction of using muscle power by our knowledge.
Conclusion: “We move with knowledge”.
'Bold text
(Source: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/we-move-knowledge-muhammad-sheikh-ramzan-hossain%3FtrackingId).
Logo-2:Safe thyself (in light of Knowledge)
Early to bed and Early to Rise should be our basic of Life Base
Who are we? We are human as racially Indeed, we are racially human. Humans are the most abundant and widespread species of primate, characterized by bipedalism and exceptional cognitive skills due to a large and complex brain. Humans are highly social and tend to live in complex social structures composed of many cooperating and competing groups, from families and kinship networks to political states. Social interactions between humans have established a wide variety of values, social norms, and rituals, which bolster human society. Its intelligence and its desire to understand and influence the environment and to explain and manipulate phenomena have motivated humanity's development of science, philosophy, mythology, religion, and other fields of study.
The meaning of life, or the answer to the question: "What is the meaning of life?", pertains to the significance of living or existence in general. Many other related questions include: "Why are we here?", "What is life all about?", or "What is the purpose of existence?" There have been many proposed answers to these questions from many different cultural and ideological backgrounds. The search for life's meaning has produced much philosophical, scientific, theological, and metaphysical speculation throughout history. Different people and cultures believe different things for the answer to this question.
The meaning of life can be derived from philosophical and religious contemplation of, and scientific inquiries about existence, social ties, consciousness, and happiness. Many other issues are also involved, such as symbolic meaning, ontology, value, purpose, ethics, good and evil, free will, the existence of one or multiple gods, conceptions of God, the soul, and the afterlife. Scientific contributions focus primarily on describing related empirical facts about the universe, exploring the context and parameters concerning the "how" of life. Science also studies and can provide recommendations for the pursuit of well-being and a related conception of morality. An alternative, humanistic approach poses the question, "What is the meaning of my life?"
Life in Platonism
Plato, a pupil of Socrates, was one of the earliest, most influential philosophers. His theory on justice in the soul relates to the idea of happiness relevant to the question of the meaning of life.
In Platonism, the meaning of life is in attaining the highest form of knowledge, which is the Idea (Form) of the Good, from which all good and just things derive utility and value.
Emerging research shows that meaning in life predicts better physical health outcomes. In 2014, the British National Health Service began recommending a five-step plan for mental well-being based on meaningful lives, whose steps are.
1. Connect with community and family 2. Physical exercise 3. Lifelong learning 4. Giving to others 5. Mindfulness of the world around you
Life: Scientific inquiry and perspectives Many members of the scientific community and philosophy of science communities think that science can provide the relevant context, and set of parameters necessary for dealing with topics related to the meaning of life. In their view, science can offer a wide range of insights on topics ranging from the science of happiness to death anxiety.
Psychological significance and value in life Researchers in positive psychology study empirical factors that lead to life satisfaction, full engagement in activities, making a fuller contribution by utilizing one's personal strengths, and meaning based on investing in something larger than the self.
Neuroscience describes reward, pleasure, and motivation in terms of neurotransmitter activity, especially in the limbic system and the ventral tegmental area in particular. If one believes that the meaning of life is to maximize pleasure and to ease general life, then this allows normative predictions about how to act to achieve this. Likewise, some ethical naturalists advocate a science of morality—the empirical pursuit of flourishing for all conscious creatures.
Sociology examines value at a social level using theoretical constructs such as value theory, norms, anomie, etc. One value system suggested by social psychologists, broadly called Terror Management Theory, states that human meaning is derived from a fundamental fear of death, and values are selected when they allow us to escape the mental reminder of death.
What is Health?
The meaning of health has evolved over time. In keeping with the biomedical perspective, early definitions of health focused on the theme of the body's ability to function; health was seen as a state of normal function that could be disrupted from time to time by disease. An example of such a definition of health is: "a state characterized by anatomic, physiologic, and psychological integrity; ability to perform personally valued family, work, and community roles; ability to deal with physical, biological, psychological, and social stress".
[Source: Stokes, J.; Noren, J.; Shindell, S. (1982-01-01). "Definition of terms and concepts applicable to clinical preventive medicine". Journal of Community Health. 8 (1): 33–41. doi:10.1007/bf01324395. ISSN 0094-5145. PMID 6764783. S2CID 1748896]
World Health Organization proposed definition of Health
In 1948, in a radical departure from previous definitions, the World Health Organization (WHO) proposed a definition that aimed higher, linking health to well-being, in terms of "physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity".[World Health Organization (1958). The first ten years of the World Health Organization. Geneva: WHO. ISBN 9789241560146]
How can be promoted our Health? Health, according to the World Health Organization, is "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence f disease and infirmity".
[World Health Organization. (2006). Constitution of the World Health Organization – Basic Documents, Forty-fifth edition, Supplement, October 2006]
Health can be promoted by encouraging healthful activities, such as regular physical exercise and adequate sleep,[ CDC (2021-04-05). "Benefits of Physical Activity". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 2021-09-11] and by reducing or avoiding unhealthful activities or situations, such as smoking, drinking or excessive stress.
Some factors affecting Health
Some factors affecting health are due to individual choices, such as whether to engage in a high-risk behavior, while others are due to structural causes, such as whether the society is arranged in a way that makes it easier or harder for people to get necessary healthcare services. Still other factors are beyond both individual and group choices, such as genetic disorders.
Topic: Health Care
Systematic activities to prevent or cure health problems and promote good health in humans are undertaken by health care providers. The term "Healthy" is also widely used in the context of many types of non-living organizations and their impacts for the benefit of humans, such as in the sense of Healthy Communities, Healthy Cities or Healthy Environments. In addition to Health care interventions and a person's surroundings, a number of other factors are known to influence the health status of individuals. These are referred to as the "determinants of health", which include the individual's background, lifestyle, economic status, social conditions and spirituality; Studies have shown that high levels of stress can affect human health. ["How stressed are you?". Bbc.co.uk. 2013-11-06. Retrieved 2014-03-01]
In 1984, WHO revised the definition of health defined it as "the extent to which an individual or group is able to realize aspirations and satisfy needs and to change or cope with the environment. Health is a resource for everyday life, not merely the objective of living; it is a positive concept, emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities."
[Source:World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe (1984). Health promotion : a discussion document on the concept and principles : summary report of the Working Group on Concept and Principles of Health Promotion, Copenhagen, 9–13 July 1984 (ICP/HSR 602(m01)5 p). Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe.]
Federal Healthy People Program, USA
Since the late 1970s, the federal Healthy People Program has been a visible component of the United States’ approach to improving population health.[ Source: Federal Prevention Initiatives Archived 2016-06-15 at the Wayback Machine. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Benz, J; Blakey, C; Oppenheimer, C.C; Scherer, H; Robinson, W.T (2013). "The healthy people initiative: Understanding the user's perspective". Journal of Public Health Management and Practice. 19 (2): 103–09. doi:10.1097/PHH.0b013e318254cc31. PMID 23358287.
In each decade, a new version of Healthy People is issued, (Source: History & Development of Healthy People. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services).
In the first decade of the 21st century, the conceptualization of health as an ability opened the door for self-assessments to become the main indicators to judge the performance of efforts aimed at improving human health. It also created the opportunity for every person to feel healthy, even in the presence of multiple chronic diseases or a terminal condition, and for the re-examination of determinants of health (away from the traditional approach that focuses on the reduction of the prevalence of diseases) (Source: "Creating a Pandemic of Health: Opportunities and Lessons for a University Initiative at the Intersection of Health, Equity, and Innovation | Harvard Public Health Review: A Student Publication". harvardpublichealthreview.org. Retrieved 2018-01-20.)
Health is Wealth ‘Health is wealth’ is a very famous saying which means that where there is health there is wealth. A healthy person has the power to achieve everything in life.
Being “Healthy” and fit doesn’t mean merely just physical fitness but it the overall fitness that is emotionally, socially, and mentally. A healthy body destroys all the negativity.
A body which has illness and diseases cannot work efficiently whereas a healthy body and mind maintain the energy and enthusiasm to work. A healthy body can be achieved in a number of ways We should follow a proper time table i.e., breakfast, lunch and dinner should be taken in proper time.
Sleep
Sleep is a sedentary state of mind and body. It is characterized by altered consciousness, relatively inhibited sensory activity, reduced muscle activity and reduced interactions with surroundings.(Source:"Brain Basics: Understanding Sleep". National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, wikipedia).
History of Sleeping Movement :
Half a thousand years before the birth of Christ, the Greek physician Alchemion first described what sleep is. He said sleep is a stage of human or animal's subconscious mind. He observed that during sleep, blood flow to the brain and body temperature decrease. After this, the Greek philosopher Aristotle discovered the link between sleep and the cardiovascular and digestive systems.
In the early 19th century, scientists established a direct relationship between sleep and the activity of neurons in the brain. In 1911, scientist Henri Pierson first reported that there are chemicals in the brain called 'hypnotoxins' that help people fall asleep. Nathaniel Kleitman elaborated on sleep in his 1939 book Sleep and Wakefulness.
Why is sleep necessary? Once upon a time there was all the effort, lobbying, and research to be "sleep deprived". Therefore, the authors of the book Sleep and Wakefulness, Nathaniel Klittman and Eugene Esirinsky, before the Greek physician Alchemy, Aristotle, Henry Pierson, when they researched sleep, it was a lot of redundancy for the scientific world.
Now try to research for getting "more sleep", Reportedly, astronauts has been watched the "Earth's appearance" at night from satellites launched into space were dismayed to see the "darkness of the night" on Earth diminishing faster than before. Because, as before, people are not now busy sleeping after the night approaches, they are busy with digital technology. So, it no longer requires now the darkness of night. But in the 20th and 21st centuries, scientists are realizing how much of a chain of command human health has with sleep - which, if broken, can lead to insomnia, parasomnia, sleep apnea, hypnologic, hallucinations, restless leg syndrome, hypertension, heart disease, mental disorders, sleep disorders, etc., may appear inevitable.
How long do people sleep in a country? People in different countries of the world have different sleep patterns. Studies have shown that people in Japan and Singapore sleep an average of 7 hours and 24 minutes. And people in the Netherlands sleep an average of 8 hours and 12 minutes. On that list, people in Great Britain sleep an average of less than 8 hours, which is slightly less than the average sleep time of people in France.
Basically the people of the country who wake up at night also sleep less. People who spend a lot of time in natural sunlight tend to fall asleep faster. Scientists also found that women, especially those between the ages of 30 and 60, slept an average of 30 minutes more per night than men.
How to we go to sleep?
Our sleep has at least 2 specific physiologies or physiological processes namely 1) Non-rapid eye movement 2) Rapid eye movement. All the activities of the human brain during sleep are based on these two processes. People don't usually fall into deep sleep just by going to bed Drowsiness at first then slowly deepening sleep. Some even start snoring again in a deep sleep.
Note that there are 4 sub-stages of non-rapid eye movement. Sleep begins with small episodes of non-rapid eye movement or stage-1. The duration of this sleep is usually 1 (one) to 7 (seven) minutes, which can be called ‘light sleep’. During this time, low voltage alpha waves are seen in the brain. Alpha wave is the awakening relaxation phase. This stage of sleep can be easily disturbed by even the slightest noise.
After this stage-2 sleep duration is from 10 to 25 minutes. At this time the low voltage sleep spindle in the brain R.K. Complex occurs. This stage is important for the sleeping person because, this sleep spindle works to store the memories stored in our brain throughout the day. Otherwise, after waking up, we would have forgotten all the things we had learned yesterday. The next stages of sleep are stage-3 and stage-4 of high voltage slow wave activity. About 75 to 80 percent of a sleeper's sleep is completed before reaching the rapid eye movement stage beyond stage-3 and stage-4. The remaining 20/25 percent of sleep is required to complete the rapid eye movement stage.
After this, the brain enters rapid eye movement. At this time, the eyeball moves quickly. Muscle relaxes. In this situation, some people start dreaming. Brain stores memory even during rapid eye movement.
During sleep, not only brain waves (waves) change, but various changes continue throughout the body. For example, the heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing levels continue to rise during sleep. During REM sleep, metabolism and blood flow to certain areas of the brain increase, the limbic system and visual areas decrease. Hormonal fluctuations continue. During the first few hours, growth hormone is released more, which is why it is believed that babies grow during sleep. On the other hand cortical and adrenaline levels decrease. One of the sleep hormones is melatonin—which reduces exposure to light or other stimuli. Areas of the brain that control sleep and wakefulness include the brain stem and hypothalamus. The reticular activating system plays an important role in the Pons and midbrain areas of the brain. During sleep, the reticular activating system is inactive and no input from the thalamus reaches it. Physiology of Sleep (Circadian Rhythm)
In the early 19th century, scientists began to understand the brain's neurons and their functions. Before sleep physiology or circadian rhythm was fully understood, the world's first sleeping pills were discovered in 1930. But at that time the problem of sleep was more sleep, not less sleep. So thinking about sleeplessness in those days was nothing but the product of a lot of lazy thinking, and that's when sleeping pills were invented!
Note that in 1911, the scientist Henri Pieron said for the first time that there are some chemicals in the brain that help us sleep. He named this chemical “Hypnotskin”. The mode of action of neurotransmitter-R was not yet fully understood. The most detailed explanation of the physiology of sleep was given by scientist Nathaniel Kleitman in 1925. However, before this, in 1924, the EEG machine had discovered.
It should be noted that the total electrical power produced by the human body is only 100 watts. But out of these 100 watts only 20 watts are spent on brain work.
The mass of the human brain is only 2 percent of the total mass of the body, but it (brain) consumes 20 percent of the total energy of the body. As a result, when people become physically weak, the body becomes exhausted and falls asleep due to the fatigue that comes.
Newborn babies spend 65 to 70 percent of their total body energy on brain work. So they sleep almost all the time.
Scientific analysis of sleep
The suprakaiasmatic nucleus of the brain is a photosensitive circadian pacemaker. Daylight through the retina of the eye causes the release of melatonin from the pineal gland via the hypothalamus. As a result we wake up in daylight. In addition, GABA, histamine, acetylcholine, glutamate and some other neurotransmitters work behind our sleep.
It should be noted that not only humans over time; Except for owls, bats, dogs, foxes, and cats, almost all other animals sleep at night and wake up during the day.
Success in studying in the morning for students!
A University of Texas study found that students who wake up early in the morning get higher grades than those who wake up late. Their GPA is higher than others. They attribute this success to increased productivity and better sleep.
Effects of insomnia on chronic diseases
Effects of insomnia on chronic diseases such as diabetes, stroke, heart disease or high blood pressure.
According to experts, in 90 percent of cases, people suffering from insomnia also suffer from another chronic health problem that can be dangerous for the body. Chronic diseases like diabetes, stroke, irregular heartbeat, heart disease or high blood pressure increase with lack of sleep.
Memory problems
A brain function known as 'sharp wave impulses' helps consolidate memories. This memory is transformed into permanent knowledge with the help of the brain's neocortex and hippocampus. This process is best done during deep sleep. So if you go to sleep late this process is not completed properly. As a result, the problem of forgetting occurs.
Sexual problems
Not getting enough sleep or going to bed at the right time can also have a negative impact on sex life. Especially in men, it has been found that those who go to bed late and are deprived of adequate sleep have lower testosterone levels in their body, which reduces the desire to have sex. https://www.anandabazar.com/health-and-wellness/dangerous-side-effects-of-sleeping-late
Effect of Late Riser
Disadvantages of waking up late in the morning
Professor John Richardson of the Department of Chronology at the University of Subay, United Kingdom, said, "We have seen that those who wake up late suffer from various mental and physical complications. Their average life expectancy is six and a half years less than regular morning risers
REM sleep and non-REM sleep Sleep occurs in repeating periods, in which the body alternates between two distinct modes: REM sleep and non-REM sleep. Although REM stands for "rapid eye movement", this mode of sleep has many other aspects, including virtual paralysis of the body. Dreams are a succession of images, ideas, emotions, and sensations that usually occur involuntarily in the mind during certain stages of sleep. During sleep, most of the body's systems are in an anabolic state, helping to restore the immune, nervous, skeletal, and muscular systems.
[Source: ^ Krueger JM, Frank MG, Wisor JP, Roy S (August 2016). "Sleep function: Toward elucidating an enigma". Sleep Medicine Reviews. 28: 46–54. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2015.08.005. PMC 4769986. PMID 26447948.]
These are vital processes that maintain mood, memory, cognitive function, and play a large role in the function of the endocrine and immune systems. [Source: "Sleep-wake cycle: its physiology and impact on health" (PDF). National Sleep Foundation. 2006. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 August 2017. Retrieved 24 May 20]
Common sources of artificial light include the screens of electronic devices such as smartphones and televisions, which emit large amounts of blue light, a form of light typically associated with daytime. This disrupts the release of the hormone melatonin needed to regulate the sleep-cycle.
Humans may suffer from various sleep disorders, including dyssomnias such as insomnia, hypersomnia, narcolepsy, and sleep apnea; parasomnias such as sleepwalking and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder; bruxism; and circadian rhythm sleep disorders. The use of artificial light has substantially altered humanity's sleep patterns.[ Randall DK (19 September 2012). "Book excerpt: How the lightbulb disrupted our sleeping patterns and changed the world". National Post. Archived from the original on 7 April 2019. Retrieved 31 August 2016. "... the sudden introduction of bright nights during hours when it should be dark threw a wrench into a finely choreographed system of life.]
Blue light and Sleep Common sources of artificial light include the screens of electronic devices such as smartphones and televisions, which emit large amounts of blue light, a form of light typically associated with daytime. This disrupts the release of the hormone melatonin needed to regulate the sleep-cycle
(Source:"How Blue Light Affects Sleep". Sleep Foundation. 4 November 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2021).
Brain waves in sleep The electrical activity seen on an EEG represents brain waves. The amplitude of EEG waves at a particular frequency corresponds to various points in the sleep-wake cycle, such as being asleep, being awake, or falling asleep.
[ Borbély AA, Daan S, Wirz-Justice A, Deboer T (14 January 2016), "The two-process model of sleep regulation: a reappraisal" (PDF), J Sleep Res, 25 (2): 131–43, doi:10.1111/jsr.12371, PMID 26762182, S2CID 206156163]
Sleep and Dream What is Dream? Dreaming in sleep is another wonderful thing.
“Dreams have a psychological and meaningful significance” (Carl Jung)
“Dreams create an opportunity to resolve the repressed desires of the human mind” (Sigmund Freud)
In the real sense, this is a spontaneous initiative to establish a cognitive concept of dreams. Psychologists, however, believe that there is a real purpose for dreaming (Why do people dream while sleeping?): Biggyanchinta, March-2020, page: 58. www.bigganchinta.com).
“Dreams help our brain process our thoughts and the events of the day. Some dreams may not really mean anything. They are the result of normal brain act
There are two following kinds of dream:
i) Normal Dream ii) Abnormal Dream
i Normal Dreams:
Dreams are simply electrical impulses of the brain - which indiscriminately retrieve our thoughts and imaginations from our memories. When man wakes up, he wakes up with an illusion of the dream.
The dreams we see while sleeping at night may not reflect real life events, but the experience that we get through these events, there is definitely a feeling associated with it.
ii) Abnormal Dreams: Sometimes dreams become more like nightmares. Especially children and the elderly have relatively more nightmares. People may experience nightmares due to anxiety, conflicting thoughts or fears, trauma-related neurological problems, emotional problems, drug overdose problems, or illness.
“If a person has nightmares for several days in a row, then the subconscious mind may be trying to tell him something. You should pay attention to it".
“If the cause of the nightmares cannot be identified and the nightmares persist, an experienced mental health professional should be consulted. They may be able to give a proper explanation of it and show him a way out of it”. (Source:Why do people dream while sleeping?,Bigganchinta, March, 2020, Year: 4, Number: 6, Page: 60, www.bigganchinta.com).
Scientific Research about Dreaming 'Bold text In the Journal of Neuroscience, Cristina Marzano, a researcher at the University of Rome, and her research colleagues made a research paper about the mechanisms behind dreaming.
The purpose of the study was to test the feasibility of how people remember their dreams based on their brain's signature patterns. To this end, the research team asked 65 students to spend two consecutive nights in their research lab. On the first night, students are allowed to sleep in soundproof and temperature-controlled rooms. On the second night, the research team measured the brain waves of the sleeping students.
Note that our brain has four types of electrical waves namely delta, theta, alpha and beta. Its collective name is electroencephalography (EEG). Each of them has a different frequency of electric waves. The research team used this technology to measure the students' brain waves at different stages of sleep, and the students were called in the morning and told to maintain diary for recording of any observations of dream.
Students who had dreams were found to have increased theta particle activity in the frontal lobes of their brains while dreaming, as well as increased theta particle activity when retrieving dream content from memory while awake. That is, it is actually the movement of the same electrical charge in the frontal cortex of the brain that is stored in memory (aforesaid page. 60). Later, the same research team used MRI technology to verify whether there is any relationship between dreams and the formation of deeper brain spaces.
A study conducted on dreams shows that 1) the amygdala and 2) the hippocampus are directly related to the vivid, strange or emotional dreams that people have during sleep.
Why forget dreams quickly? An important stage of sleep is called REM or restful sleep. This sleep appears in phases an average of four to six times per night. Most of the time dreams are formed in this part of sleep. But people often forget dreams quickly after waking up.
A group of experts from the University of Toronto discovered in a study that although there are millions of cells in the brain, only a handful of them are responsible for retrieving these bad memories. They found that the activation of MCH neurons during REM sleep led to impaired memory in the animals, causing them to forget.
Notably, in a study conducted on rats at the Department of Neuron physiology at Nagaya University in Japan, Srikant Chowdhury, a biochemistry teacher at Bangladesh's Chittagong University, and his research team found that there is a connection between neurons called hypothalamus MCH with the memory center of the brain, the hippocampus - This connection helps to remove the unnecessary information or to forget the extraneous information. Otherwise, the brain may be hacked due to overloading information.
Sleep Apnea Disease: Country by Country 77 percent of people in Bangladesh suffer from lack of adequate sleep or sleep complications. and 2 crore 72 lakh Bangladeshis suffer from sleep apnea, according to health experts. They said that 16.3 percent of the total population in the Asian continent and 4.30 percent of the people in Europe-America is affected by this disease.
Good news for nightmares The good news for those who are haunted by painful or negative memories is that medical scientists have recently discovered a way to erase painful memories from the brain.
In a study, scientists reported that only a small number of cells in the brain act as a source for retrieving negative memories. Professor Sheena Joslin, speaking at a big science conference in Boston, said: 'The data from this study show that treating traumatic bad memory forgetting may not require treating the whole body or even the whole brain; Only neurons or brain cells that are encoded or associated with 'fear or threat' driven memories; only treating them is enough.
Neuron scientists hope that this discovery will play a revolutionary role in the treatment of memory-related diseases such as traumatic stress disorder and Alzheimer's. (Source: Unraveling the mystery of memory loss, Biggyan Chinta, January, 2020, page 83).
Sleep Apnea Disease: Country by Country 77 percent of people in Bangladesh suffer from lack of adequate sleep or sleep complications. and 2 crore 72 lakh Bangladeshis suffer from sleep apnea, according to health experts. They said that 16.3 percent of the total population in the Asian continent and 4.30 percent of the people in Europe-America is affected by this disease.
Stops breathing for 10 seconds more than 5 times per hour of a Patient due to sleep apnea. The Guinness Book of Records prohibits "no sleep records". Note that people can live only 11 days without sleep. But can live without eating for 66-77 days. Long-term sleep apnea cans death a person. https://www.rtvonline.com/others/200870/দেশে-স্লিপ-অ্যাপনিয়া-রোগী-৩-কোটি
US National Sleep Foundation advisory
According to the National Sleep Foundation of the United States, children between the ages of 6 and 9 needs at least 9-11 hours of sleep a night. 10 to 17 year olds need 8-10 hours of sleep and 18 to 64 year olds need 7-9 hours of sleep a night. Besides, for people above 65 years of age, sleep is required for 7-8 hours. While many people are healthy on less sleep than this, it also has its downsides. Such sleep problems cause various diseases. Sleep apnea is one of them.
Some researchers say that dreams have no reason or meaning. Rather, dreams are meaningless activities of the sleeping brain. Some researchers say that people need dreams for mental, emotional and physical health. Once in a study, scientists woke up people who were sleeping in the REM stage.
It can be seen that as a result of waking up in the REM state, problems such as increased anxiety, tension, depression, lack of concentration can be observed in them. Many experts believe that dreams help us solve life problems, help us to concentration and process our emotions.
On the other hand, “Ancient Greek and Roman civilizations used to believe that having divine powers in dreaming”. (Why do people dream while sleeping?: , , Biggyan Chinta, March, 2020, Year: 4, Number: 6, Page: 58)
A historical story of seven youths sleeping in a cave for more than three hundred years described in Roman civilization. Companions of the Cave (the Sleepers of Ephesus) In the Islamic and Christian traditions, the Seven Sleepers (Greek: επτά κοιμώμενοι, romanized: hepta koimōmenoi, [Sources: Fortescue, Adrian (1909). "Seven Sleepers of Ephesus" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company."Koranion". Typographeion tōn katastēmatōn A. Kōnstantinidou. January 6, 1886 – via Google Books]. Latin: Septem dormientes), otherwise known as the Sleepers of Ephesus and Companions of the Cave,[Source: [ Archer, George (October 2016). "The Hellhound of the Qur'an: A Dog at the Gate of the Underworld". Journal of Qur'anic Studies. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press on behalf of the Centre for Islamic Studies at the School of Oriental and African Studies. 18 (3): 1–33. doi:10.3366/jqs.2016.0248. eISSN 1755-1730. ISSN 1465-3591. OCLC 43733991] ] is a medieval legend about a group of youths who hid inside a cave[Source: "Cave of Ashabe Kahf (The Cave of the Seven Sleepers)". Madain Project. Archived from the original on 2 November 2020. Retrieved 2 November 2020.} outside the city of Ephesus (modern-day Selçuk, Turkey). Number, duration and names of cave’s sleepers Number of the sleepers Early versions do not all agree on or even specify the number of sleepers. The Jews and the Christians of Najran believed in only three brothers; the East Syriac, five.[Source: Bartłomiej Grysa, "The Legend of the Seven Sleepers of Ephesus in Syriac and Arab Sources: A Comparative Study", Orientalia Christiana Cracoviensia 2 (2010): 45–59.] Most Syriac accounts have eight, including a nameless watcher which God sets over the sleepers.Witold Witakowski, (Source:"Sleepers of Ephesus, Legend of the", in Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage: Electronic Edition, edited by Sebastian P. Brock, Aaron M. Butts, George A. Kiraz and Lucas Van Rompay (Gorgias Press, 2011; online ed. Beth Mardutho, 2018).][ aid Reynolds, Gabriel (2008). "The Quran in its Historical Context - Reynolds et al". academia.edu. p. 127-128. Retrieved June 25, 2022). However, in Islam their specific number is mentioned. Qur'an 18:22 discusses the disputes regarding their numbers. The verse says, (About the number of the sleepers) They will say, "Three, their dog being the forth of them" and they will say "Five, their dog being the sixth of them" guessing at the unseen. And they will say "Seven, their dog being the eighth of them." Say, "My Lord is the most knowing of their number. None except a few knows them." So, don't argue regarding them without an obvious arguement and don't ask about them (the sleepers) anyone from them (the debaters) Bartłomiej Grysa lists at least seven different sets of names for the sleepers:[ Bartłomiej Grysa, "The Legend of the Seven Sleepers of Ephesus in Syriac and Arab Sources: A Comparative Study", Orientalia Christiana Cracoviensia 2 (2010): 45–59.] • Maximian, Martinian, Dionisius, John, Constantine, Malchus, Serapion • Maximilian, Martinian, Dionisius, John, Constantine, Malkhus, Serapion, Anthony • Maximilian, Martinian, Dionisius, John, Constantine, Yamblikh (Iamblichus), Anthony • Makṯimilīnā (Maksimilīnā, Maḥsimilīnā), Marnūš (Marṭūs), Kafašṭaṭyūš (Ksōṭōnos), Yamlīḫā (Yamnīḫ), Mišlīnā, Saḏnūš, Dabranūš (Bīrōnos), Samōnos, Buṭōnos, Qālos (according to aṭ-Ṭabarī and ad-Damīrī) • Achillides, Probatus, Stephanus, Sambatus, Quiriacus, Diogenus, Diomedes (according to Gregory of Tours) • Ikilios, Fruqtis, Istifanos, Sebastos, Qiryaqos, Dionisios (according to Michael the Syrian) • Aršellītīs, Probatios, Sabbastios, Stafanos, Kīriakos, Diōmetios, Avhenios (according to the Coptic version)
The number of years the sleepers slept
The number of years the sleepers slept also varies between accounts. The highest number, given by Gregory of Tours, was 373 years. Some accounts have 372. Jacobus de Voragine calculated it at 196 (from the year 252 until 448).[ Bartłomiej Grysa, "The Legend of the Seven Sleepers of Ephesus in Syriac and Arab Sources: A Comparative Study", Orientalia Christiana Cracoviensia 2 (2010): 45–59.] Other calculations suggest 195.[5] Islamic accounts, including the Qur'an, give a sleep of 309 years. These are presumably lunar years, which would make it 300 solar years. Qur'an 18:25 says, "And they remained in their cave for three hundred years and exceeded by nine."[ Khattab, M., trans., Qur'an, "Al-Kahf—The Cave", 18:25, Quran.com.
(Curtesy of: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Sleepers) 100 million years of sleep! The Cretaceous period had not yet been ended Triceratops roam the earth, Ornithoceras fly in the sky. India is attached to the island of Madagascar. Only Australia is separated from Africa.
At that time, a few bacteria were sinking thousands of meters deep into the world's largest Pacific Ocean west of Australia - where the sea was cold, surrounded by total darkness.
In that deep sea, when a few bacteria touched the soft ground at a depth of six thousand meters, they calmed down and fell asleep. deep sleep In that sleep, the dinosaurs disappeared from the earth, the Himalayas rose in the Eurasia-India collision, but bacteria did not wake up. They slept like this for 100 million years.
Then one day, Yuki Morono, a geomicrobiologist at the Japan Ocean Science and Technology Agency, and his team entered the depths of the Pacific Ocean. By that time, the soil has accumulated layer after layer on those bacteria. Over that land lies the South Pacific Gyre, known as the deadest region of the ocean. The minimum nutrients required for life are almost non-existent.One day Morono's research team made a deep leak in the 6,000 meter deep seabed. Remove the top soil and bring out the inner clay. That clay is 100 million years old. And they discovered, little, very little oxygen existed in that soil. And since there is oxygen, the possibility of life cannot be completely ruled out. So Morono carefully collected the clay in a glass bottle. The bacteria were given a suitable granulated water rich in carbon and nitrogen isotopes.
After waiting for at least 557 days with food in a glass bottle, one day he opened the bottle and took out a little bit of dead clay. Millions of bacteria are moving around in that 100 million years old primitive mud! including at least eight different types of microorganisms.
'Disorders ' 'Insomnia ' Insomnia is a general term for difficulty falling asleep. Insomnia is the most common sleep problem, with many adults reporting occasional insomnia, and 10–15% reporting a chronic condition. [Brown, pp. 1146–1147].
Insomnia is a significant predictor of major depressive disorder; a meta-analysis of 170,000 people showed that insomnia at the beginning of a study period indicated a more than the twofold increased risk for major depressive disorder. Some studies have also indicated correlation between insomnia and anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and suicide. Sleep disorders can increase the risk of psychosis and worsen the severity of psychotic episodes.
[ Hale L, Troxel W, Buysse DJ (April 2020). "Sleep Health: An Opportunity for Public Health to Address Health Equity". Annual Review of Public Health. 41 (1): 81–99. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040119-094412. PMC 7944938. PMID 31900098.].
Insomnia can have many different causes, including psychological stress, a poor sleep environment, an inconsistent sleep schedule, or excessive mental or physical stimulation in the hours before bedtime. Insomnia is often treated through behavioral changes like keeping a regular sleep schedule, avoiding stimulating or stressful activities before bedtime, and cutting down on stimulants such as caffeine. The sleep environment may be improved by installing heavy drapes to shut out all sunlight, and keeping computers, televisions, and work materials out of the sleeping area.
A 2010 review of published scientific research suggested that exercise generally improves sleep for most people, and helps sleep disorders such as insomnia. [Buman MP, King AC (2010). "Exercise as a Treatment to Enhance Sleep". American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine. 4 (6): 500–514.]
In both children and adults, short sleep duration is associated with an increased risk of obesity, with various studies reporting an increased risk of 45–55%. Other aspects of sleep health have been associated with obesity, including daytime napping, sleep timing, the variability of sleep timing, and low sleep efficiency. However, sleep duration is the most-studied for its impact on obesity.[ Hale L, Troxel W, Buysse DJ (April 2020). "Sleep Health: An Opportunity for Public Health to Address Health Equity". Annual Review of Public Health. 41 (1): 81–99. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040119-094412. PMC 7944938. PMID 31900098].
Sleep problems have been frequently viewed as a symptom of mental illness rather than a causative factor. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that they are both a cause and a symptom of mental illness.
(Hale L, Troxel W, Buysse DJ (April 2020). "Sleep Health: An Opportunity for Public Health to Address Health Equity". Annual Review of Public Health. 41 (1): 81–99. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040119-094412. PMC 7944938. PMID 31900098).
Humans are one of the animals that have a nervous system in the world. And sleep is essential for everyone holder of nervous system. It has been recently discovered that as long as these animals live, various types of damage occur in the chromosomes in their cells. During sleep, the cells of body are being repaired damages through the DNA. As long as they sleep, this auto-repair process of the body continues.As a result regular repair keeps cells as strong and healthy. If the body does not get enough time regularly to repair the cells, then various types of problems accumulate in the cells and eventually the cells become sick and give rise to various diseases.
Studies have also shown that various types of toxins (poisons) accumulate in the brain if you are constantly working. During sleep, the brain gets a chance to clear these toxins. Due to this reason, if there is not enough sleep, toxins accumulate in the brain and damage the brain, which can lead to various complex mental problems including depression, fatigue, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, insomnia etc.
Sleep health Sleep health can be improved through implementing good sleep hygiene habits. Having good sleep hygiene can help to improve your physical and mental health by providing your body with the necessary rejuvenation only restful sleep can provide.(Mental Health and Sleep. Sleep Foundation. 18 September 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2021).
Some ways to improve sleep health include going to sleep at consistent times every night, avoiding any electronic devices such as televisions in the bedroom, getting adequate exercise throughout your day, and avoiding caffeine in the hours before going to sleep. Another way to greatly improve sleep hygiene is by creating a peaceful and relaxing sleep environment. Sleeping in a dark and clean room with things like a white noise maker can help facilitate restful sleep.("CDC - Sleep Hygiene Tips - Sleep and Sleep Disorders". cdc.gov. 13 February 2019. Retrieved 18 November 2021).
So, under the above description, it is clear that healthy cells are essential for a healthy mind and body. And regular moderate sleep is essential for healthy cells.
Note that insufficient sleep leads to physical and mental exhaustion - from which painful depression emerges. As a way to get rid of this, some people do recreational trips or physical exercises, mental counseling. Some find a way out of addiction.
What is Addiction? Addiction is a neuropsychological disorder characterized by a persistent and intense urge to engage in certain behaviors, one of which is the usage of a drug, despite substantial harm and other negative consequences. Repetitive drug use often alters brain function in ways that perpetuate craving, and weakens (but does not completely negate) self-control.
Examples of drug (or more generally, substance) addictions include alcoholism, marijuana addiction, amphetamine addiction, cocaine addiction, nicotine addiction, opioid addiction, and eating or food addiction. Alternatively, behavioural addictions may include gambling addiction, internet addiction, video game addiction, pornography addiction and sexual addiction. ( Psychiatric Times. Psychiatric Times Vol 36, Issue 9. 36 (9). Retrieved 3 March 2020). (Courtesy of https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addiction).
[Heilig M, MacKillop J, Martinez D, Rehm J, Leggio L, Vanderschuren LJ (September 2021). "Addiction as a brain disease revised: why it still matters, and the need for consilience". Neuropsychopharmacology. 46 (10): 1715–1723. doi:10.1038/s41386-020-00950-y. PMC 8357831. PMID 33619 327. pre-existing vulnerabilities and persistent drug use lead to a vicious circle of substantive disruptions in the brain that impair and undermine choice capacities for adaptive behavior, but do not annihilate them.]
This phenomenon – drugs reshaping brain function – has led to an understanding of addiction as a brain disorder with a complex variety of psychosocial as well as neurobiological (and thus involuntary)[a] factors that are implicated in addiction's development.[ Nestler EJ (December 2013). "Cellular basis of memory for addiction". Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience. 15 (4): 431–443. PMC 3898681. PMID 24459410.][ "Drugs, Brains, and Behavior: The Science of Addiction – Drug Misuse and Addiction". www.drugabuse.gov. North Bethesda, Maryland: National Institute on Drug Abuse. 13 July 2020. Retrieved 23 December 2021][ Henden E (2017). "Addiction, Compulsion, and Weakness of the Will: A Dual-Process Perspective.". In Heather N, Gabriel S (eds.). Addiction and Choice: Rethinking the Relationship. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 116–132.] Classic signs of addiction include compulsive engagement in rewarding stimuli, preoccupation with substances or behavior, and continued use despite negative consequences. Habits and patterns associated with addiction are typically characterized by immediate gratification (short-term reward),[ Angres DH, Bettinardi-Angres K (October 2008). "The disease of addiction: origins, treatment, and recovery". Disease-a-Month. 54 (10): 696–721. doi:10.1016/j.disamonth.2008.07.002. PMID 18790142.
Usually someone is addicted to drugs and gets involved in various criminal activities. As a result many of them have to go to prison i.e., jail.
What is prison? A prison, From the Old French prisoun also known as a jail,[ In American and Canadian English, prison and jail are often distinguished from one another. gaol (dated,[ The spelling jail is sometimes preferred because gaol does not follow the usual English pronunciation rules for hard and soft G and ao is not a standard English diphthong standard English, Australian, and historically in Canada), penitentiary (American English and Canadian English), detention center (or detention centre outside the US),[ Note that in Britain a 'detention centre' is a military detention facility, not a prison correction center, correctional facility, lock-up,[ Generally used for a temporary jail where suspected criminals are kept temporarily until the final judgement. e] hoosegow or remand center, is a facility in which inmates (or prisoners) are confined against their will and usually denied a variety of freedoms under the authority of the state as punishment for various crimes. Prisons are most commonly used within a criminal justice system: people charged with crimes may be imprisoned until their trial; those pleading or being found guilty of crimes at trial may be sentenced to a specified period of imprisonment. In simplest terms, a prison can also be described as a building in which people are legally held as a punishment for a crime they have committed.
(Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prison).
According to health experts, addiction can provide temporary relief but it can cause long-term damage. Especially due to excessive addiction, the physical and mental health completely breaks down. For that, treatment is necessary and even hospitalization is required.
Hospital: The Cure House or Death House A hospital is a health care institution providing patient treatment with specialized health science and auxiliary healthcare staff and medical equipment. ("Hospitals". World Health Organization. Retrieved 24 January 2018).The best-known type of hospital is the general hospital, which typically has an emergency department to treat urgent health problems ranging from fire and accident victims to a sudden illness. A district hospital typically is the major health care facility in its region, with many beds for intensive care and additional beds for patients who need long-term care. Specialized hospitals include trauma centers, rehabilitation hospitals, children's hospitals, seniors' (geriatric) hospitals, and hospitals for dealing with specific medical needs such as psychiatric treatment (see psychiatric hospital) and certain disease categories. Specialized hospitals can help reduce health care costs compared to general hospitals.[ "India's 'production line' heart hospital". bbcnews.com. 1 August 2010. Retrieved 13 October 2013. ] Hospitals are classified as general, specialty, or government depending on the sources of income received.
A teaching hospital combines assistance to people with teaching to health science students and auxiliary healthcare students. A health science facility smaller than a hospital is generally called a clinic. Hospitals have a range of departments (e.g. surgery and urgent care) and specialist units such as cardiology. Some hospitals have outpatient departments and some have chronic treatment units. Common support units include a pharmacy, pathology, and radiology.
Currently, hospitals are largely staffed by professional physicians, surgeons, nurses, and allied health practitioners. In accordance with the original meaning of the word, hospitals were original "places of hospitality".
Usually at first a patient faced to 'first aid' treatment at home, then outdoor hospital treatment, if the patient does not recover there, the alternative is to admit the patient to hospital on an emergency basis, the patient returns home if he is recovered. If it is not and if he dies, he is buried.
Death Death is the irreversible cessation of all biological functions that sustain an organism.("death". Dictionary.com Unabridged (Online). n.d. Retrieved 27 February 2021).] For organisms with a brain, death can also be defined as the irreversible cessation of functioning of the whole brain, including brainstem.[ DeGrazia, David (2021), "The Definition of Death", in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2021 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, archived from the original on 23 July 2022, retrieved 23 July 2022 ^ Parent, Brendan; Turi, Angela (1 December 2020). "Death's Troubled Relationship With the Law". AMA Journal of Ethics. 22 (12): 1055–1061. doi:10.1001/amajethics.2020.1055. ISSN 2376-6980. PMID 33419507. S2CID 231300316. Archived from the original on 23 July 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
The remains of a former organism normally begin to decompose shortly after death. Death is an inevitable process that eventually occurs in almost all organisms.
Death is generally applied to whole organisms; the similar process seen in individual components of an organism, such as cells or tissues, is necrosis. Many cultures and religions have the idea of an afterlife, and also may hold the idea of judgement of good and bad deeds in one's life (heaven, hell, karma) (Source:Wikipedia-Encyclopedia).
Cemetery, Burial ground, Gravesite or Graveyard
A cemetery, burial ground, gravesite or graveyard is a place where the remains of dead people are buried or otherwise interred. The word cemetery (from Greek κοιμητήριον, "sleeping place") (Source:i) κοιμητήριον. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project) ii) Harper, Douglas. "cemetery". Online Etymology Dictionary) implies that the land is specifically designated as a burial ground.["cemetery". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press.]
The term graveyard is often used interchangeably with cemetery, but a graveyard primarily refers to a burial ground. [i) Upendran, S. (October 25, 2011). "Know Your English: Difference between 'graveyard' and 'cemetery'".ii) "What's the Difference Between a Graveyard and a Cemetery". January 19, 2013).
Research for sleeping What is the effect on the lives of people who wake up and don't wake up at night? A group of researchers have studied it. Dr. the main researcher of the study. Alice Fesser-Childs says in this context, "Such people have to get up early in their school life, maybe even earlier in their working life. They have to work against their body's rhythm all their working lives. He says working against the body's rhythms is likely to have a negative impact on both their performance and health.He believes that if society's ideas about time management were flexible for them, both their performance and health risks might have been different.
There are many who stay awake for long hours during the night and wake up late in the morning. On the other hand, there is another group who get up early in the morning. Scientists have tried to understand the effect of their habits on the brain of these two types of people. Scientists performed MRI scans on the brains of two groups of late risers and early risers. Then they are allowed to do various jobs from 8 am to 8 pm. At the same time, they are also asked to report how much sleep they have during the day.
It is founded that in the part of the consciousness creator brain has less connection due to late sleep. As a result, scientists say late sleeper 1) is less attentive to tasks, 2) have delayed reactions to something, and 3) are sleepier in the working time. And those who wake up in the morning are less sleepy. They also do things quickly. Their performance also looked good throughout the day.
Early to bed and Early to rise: the best safe guider of us
Proverb Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.
1. A person who goes to bed early and wakes up early will lead a more successful life.
Synonyms · the early bird gets the worm
Translations ▼Benjamin Franklin quote
(Source: https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/early_to_bed,_early_to_rise,_makes_a_man_healthy,_wealthy_and_wise)
Verb Keep good hours (third-person singular simple present keeps good hours, present participle keeping good hours, simple past and past participle kept good hours)
To go to bed and to rise early; to lead a quiet and regular life.
· early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise
· go to bed with the chickens
· rise with the lark
· Verb
go to bed with the chickens (third-person singular simple present goes to bed with the chickens, present participle going to bed with the chickens, simple past went to bed with the chickens, past participle gone to bed with the chickens)
To go to bed very early.
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/go_to_bed_with_the_chickens#English
· Why Science proves the best early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise
Early to bed and early to rise: World opinion
i) Greek Philosopher Aristotle
he philosopher Aristotle wrote in his Economics that "Rising before daylight is also to be commended; it is a healthy habit, and gives more time for the management of the household as well as for liberal studies."
[Source: "Aristotle, Economics, Book 1, section 1345a". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Retrieved 27 November 2022.]
ii) Canadian writer Robin Sharma
Canadian writer Robin Sharma said in his book The 5 AM Club, “Own your morning. Elevate your life.” He recommends to wake up 5 AM every morning and make a self-improvement routine that will lead you to success in life.
iii) James Thurber, in his book Fables for our Time, ended the Fable of the Shrike:[8] "Early to rise and early to bed, makes a Shrike healthy, and wealthy, and dead".
iv) German proverb "Morgenstund hat Gold im Mund"
"The early bird gets the worm" is a proverb that suggests that getting up early will lead to success during the day. Which brings to mind the immediate counterpoint: "what about the early worm, shouldn't he have stayed in bed?
v) USA Philosopher Benjamin Franklin
Franklin is also quoted as saying: "The early morning has gold in its mouth", a translation of the German proverb "Morgenstund hat Gold im Mund".
Franklin is quoted to have said: "Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise". It is a saying that is viewed as a commonsensical proverb, which was included in "A Method of Prayer" by Mathew Henry who also listed it as a phrase "long said." Benjamin Franklin wrote a book called Early Rising: A Natural, Social, and Religious Duty.
10 Benefits of Rising Early, and How to Do It- By Leo Babauta “Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise” – Ben Franklin, famously
“Put no trust in the benefits to accrue from early rising, as set forth by the infatuated Franklin …” – Mark Twain
[Recently, reader Rob asked to Leo Babauta, researcher on Early to bed and early to rise about his habit of waking at 4:30 a.m. each day, and asked him to write about the health benefits of rising early, which he thought was an excellent question. In response to the question he says about several issues].
There are ten following great benefits of Early to bed and Early to rise:
Now, let me first say that if you are a night owl, and that works for you, I think that’s great. There’s no reason to change, especially if you’re happy with it. But for me, switching from being a night owl to an early riser (and yes, it is possible) has been a godsend. It has helped me in so many ways that I’d never go back. Here are just a few:
1. Greet the day. I love being able to get up, and greet a wonderful new day. I suggest creating a morning ritual that includes saying thanks for your blessings. I’m inspired by the Dalai Lama, who said, ” Everyday, think as you wake up, ‘today I am fortunate to have woken up, I am alive, I have a precious human life, I am not going to waste it. I am going to use all my energies to develop myself, to expand my heart out to others, to achieve enlightenment for the benefit of all beings, I am going to have kind thoughts towards others, I am not going to get angry or think badly about others, I am going to benefit others as much as I can.’ “
2. Amazing start. I used to start my day by jumping out of bed, late as usual, and rushing to get myself and the kids ready, and rushing to drop them to school and come in to work late. I would walk into work, looking rumpled and barely awake, grumpy and behind everyone else. Not a great start to your day. Now, I have a renewing morning ritual, I’ve gotten so much done before 8 a.m., my kids are early and so am I, and by the time everyone else gets in to work, I’ve already gotten a head start. There is no better way to start off your day than to wake early, in my experience.
3. Quietude. No kids yelling, no babies crying, no soccer balls, no cars, no television noise. The early morning hours are so peaceful, so quiet. It’s my favorite time of day. I truly enjoy that time of peace, that time to myself, when I can think, when I can read, when I can breathe.
4. Sunrise. People who wake late miss one of the greatest feats of nature, repeated in full stereovision each and every day — the rise of the sun. I love how the day slowly gets brighter, when the midnight blue turns to lighter blue, when the brilliant colors start to seep into the sky, when nature is painted in incredible colors. I like doing my early morning run during this time, and I look up at the sky as I run and say to the world, “What a glorious day!” Really. I really do that. Corny, I know.
5. Breakfast. Rise early and you actually have time for breakfast. I’m told it’s one of the most important meals of the day. Without breakfast, your body is running on fumes until you are so hungry at lunchtime that you eat whatever unhealthy thing you can find. The fattier and sugarier, the betterier. But eat breakfast, and you are sated until later. Plus, eating breakfast while reading my book and drinking my coffee in the quiet of the morning is eminently more enjoyable than scarfing something down on the way to work, or at your desk.
6. Exercise. There are other times to exercise besides the early morning, of course, but I’ve found that while exercising right after work is also very enjoyable, it’s also liable to be canceled because of other things that come up. Morning exercise is virtually never canceled.
7. Productivity. Mornings, for me at least, are the most productive time of day. I like to do some writing in the morning, when there are no distractions, before I check my email or blog stats. I get so much more done by starting on my work in the morning. Then, when evening rolls around, I have no work that I need to do, and I can spend it with family.
8. Goal time. Got goals? Well, you should. And there’s no better time to review them and plan for them and do your goal tasks than first thing. You should have one goal that you want to accomplish this week. And every morning, you should decide what one thing you can do today to move yourself further towards that goal. And then, if possible, do that first thing in the morning.
9. Commute. No one likes rush-hour traffic, except for Big Oil. Commute early, and the traffic is much lighter, and you get to work faster, and thus save yourself more time. Or better yet, commute by bike. (Or even better yet, work from home.)
10. Appointments. It’s much easier to make those early appointments on time if you get up early. Showing up late for those appointments is a bad signal to the person you’re meeting. Showing up early will impress them. Plus, you get time to prepare.
How to Become an Early Riser 'Bold text · Don’t make drastic changes. Start slowly, by waking just 15-30 minutes earlier than usual. Get used to this for a few days. Then cut back another 15 minutes. Do this gradually until you get to your goal time.
Allow yourself to sleep earlier. You might be used to staying up late, perhaps watching TV or surfing the Internet. But if you continue this habit, while trying to get up earlier, sooner or later one is going to give. And if it is the early rising that gives, then you will crash and sleep late and have to start over. I suggest going to bed earlier, even if you don’t think you’ll sleep, and read while in bed. If you’re really tired, you just might fall asleep much sooner than you think.
· Put your alarm clock far from you bed. If it’s right next to your bed, you’ll shut it off or hit snooze. Never hit snooze. If it’s far from your bed, you have to get up out of bed to shut it off. By then, you’re up. Now you just have to stay up.
· Go out of the bedroom as soon as you shut off the alarm. Don’t allow yourself to rationalize going back to bed. Just force yourself to go out of the room. My habit is to stumble into the bathroom and go pee. By the time I’ve done that, and flushed the toilet and washed my hands and looked at my ugly mug in the mirror, I’m awake enough to face the day.
· Do not rationalize. If you allow your brain to talk you out of getting up early, you’ll never do it. Don’t make getting back in bed an option.
· Have a good reason. Set something to do early in the morning that’s important. This reason will motivate you to get up. I like to write in the morning, so that’s my reason. Also, when I’m done with that, I like to read all of your comments!
· Make waking up early a reward. Yes, it might seem at first that you’re forcing yourself to do something hard, but if you make it pleasurable, soon you will look forward to waking up early. A good reward is to make a hot cup of coffee or tea and read a book. Other rewards might be a tasty treat for breakfast (smoothies! yum!) or watching the sunrise, or meditating. Find something that’s pleasurable for you, and allow yourself to do it as part of your morning routine.
· Take advantage of all that extra time. Don’t wake up an hour or two early just to read your blogs, unless that’s a major goal of yours. Don’t wake up early and waste that extra time. Get a jump start on your day! I like to use that time to get a head start on preparing my kids’ lunches, on planning for the rest of the day (when I set my MITs), on exercising or meditating, and on reading. By the time 6:30 rolls around, I’ve done more than many people do the entire
(Source: https://zenhabits.net/10-benefits-of-rising-early-and-how-to-do-it/)
A brief Bio-graph of several renewed models of "Early to bed and Early to Riser"
The renewed of several successful people in the world have emerged in the US survey many of whom wake up before the sun rises and prepare for the whole day's work. About 90 percent of successful people wake up by 6 a.m. and eat a light breakfast. Later, check out what's on their schedule for the day and every work is done by the clock.
Noted that humans are transitory. The average life span is relatively short. Yet through the ages these transitory people have left and continue to leave a wonderful mark of unique creativity on the earth. In fact, it is only through them that the service of the world is made possible - some of the famous personalities who are still remembered in the world today by taking every moment of their lives keep "death in mind", such as Carl Sagan, he said: "The thought of death inspires me to do something desperate"."Perhaps this context (the thought of death) gave me the motivation to live a little longer". On the other hand following some were "early to bed, early to rise". ”-followers who are still remembered in the world today by taking every moment of their lives are:
i) Benjamin Franklin FRS FRSA FRSE
Benjamin Franklin FRS FRSA FRSE was an American polymath who was active as a writer, scientist, inventor, statesman, diplomat, printer, publisher, and political philosopher. ( Encyclopedia Britannica, Wood, 2021) Among the leading intellectuals of his time, Franklin was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, a drafter and signer of the United States Declaration of Independence, and the first United States Postmaster General.
As a scientist, he was a major figure in the American Enlightenment and the history of physics for his studies of electricity, and for charting and naming the current still known as the Gulf Stream. As an inventor, he is known for the lightning rod, bifocals, and the Franklin stove, among others. (Franklin Institute, Essay)
He founded many civic organizations, including the Library Company, Philadelphia's first fire department, ]Burt, Nathaniel (1999). The Perennial Philadelphians: The Anatomy of an American Aristocracy. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 142. ISBN 978-0-8122-1693-6.] and the University of Pennsylvania. ( Isaacson, 2004) Franklin earned the title of "The First American" for his early and indefatigable campaigning for colonial unity, and as an author and spokesman in London for several colonies. As the first United States ambassador to France, he exemplified the emerging American nation.[H.W. Brands, The First American: The Life and Times of Benjamin Franklin (2000)] Franklin was foundational in defining the American ethos as a marriage of the practical values of thrift, hard work, education, community spirit, self-governing institutions, and opposition to authoritarianism both political and religious, with the scientific and tolerant values of the Enlightenment. In the words of historian Henry Steele Commager, "In Franklin could be merged the virtues of Puritanism without its defects, the illumination of the Enlightenment without its heat." (Isaacson, 2004, p.491).
Franklin has been called "the most accomplished American of his age and the most influential in inventing the type of society America would become." (Isaacson, 2004, pp.491–492).
Franklin became a successful newspaper editor and printer in Philadelphia, the leading city in the colonies, publishing the Pennsylvania Gazette at age 23. (Brands, H.W. (2010). The First American: The Life and Times of Benjamin Franklin. p. 390. ISBN 9780307754943).. He became wealthy publishing this and Poor Richard's Almanack, which he wrote under the pseudonym "Richard Saunders". (Charles A. Goodrich (1829). Lives of the Signers to the Declaration of Independence. W. Reed & Company. p. 267. Retrieved June 7, 2013)..
After 1767, he was associated with the Pennsylvania Chronicle, a newspaper that was known for its revolutionary sentiments and criticisms of the policies of the British Parliament and the Crown. ("William Goddard and the Constitutional Post". Smithsonian National Postal Museum. Retrieved October 19, 2010.
He pioneered and was the first president of the Academy and College of Philadelphia, which opened in 1751 and later became the University of Pennsylvania. He organized and was the first secretary of the American Philosophical Society and was elected president in 1769. Franklin became a national hero in America as an agent for several colonies when he spearheaded an effort in London to have the Parliament of Great Britain repeal the unpopular Stamp Act. An accomplished diplomat, he was widely admired among the French as American minister to Paris and was a major figure in the development of positive Franco–American relations. His efforts proved vital for the American Revolution in securing French aid.
ii) Bill Gates, Founder, Gates Foundation and Co-founder of Microsoft:
Founder, Gates Foundation and Microsoft co-founder billionaire Bill Gates reads book for an hour every night before going to bed. He got up at five in the morning and exercised for an hour straight every week he collects a new book. He also has a book list of his own. He thinks everyone should read these books - so he shares the books with his fans on Email, LinkedIn and Face book etc. He is also a Social & Economic researcher.
iii) Facebook
Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook CEO: Wakes up at six in the morning Reach your office in the morning
iv) Twitter
Jack Dorsey, Twitter: Wake up every morning at 5:30 He meditated and then walked five miles
v) Apple
Tim Cook, Apple CEO: Wakes up at 4:30 a.m He wait until 5 o'clock Breakfast at 5:30 Then he appeared in his office with preparations for the whole day.
Outline of the World Cup Knowledge Competition Nature: Propaganda Based
Mission-Vision: To create knowledge-based a healthy generation by popularizing sleep in the light of health awareness through mass campaigns.
b. Executive Committee on World Cup Implementation:
Executive Committee: fixed number of members from respective participating countries can be elected to the Executive Committee on an ex officio basis.
Board of Trustees
The Board may be constituted with representatives nominated by UN (UNESCO, WHO), OIC (IIFA,COMSTEC),Commonwealth, SEAN, SAARC, Organization of African Unity, G-20 etc.
World Cup Implementation Fund
The proposed World Cup Implementation Fund can be constituted through donations/sponsors made by voluntary individuals/organizations/institutions. Type of Competition:
a) Written Essay Competition (in own national language) on Early to bed, early to rise as decided by World Cup Knowledge Implementation Committee as per academic test at local levels: “A” Division means ‘Primary School’. “B” Division means ‘High School’ and “C” Division means College-University by relevant academic Authority and from police station (P.S) to district, division and state level can be held under management of respective governments.
b) Champion runners-up of each local level school/college-university or equivalent educational institution will get an opportunity to compete at police station level, champion+ runners-up of police station will get an opportunity to compete at district/division level, district/division level champion runners-up will get an opportunity to compete at state level will get.
Only State Level Champions Runners Up will be eligible to compete at the Continental Level and Continental (Asia+Europe+Africa+North+South America Australia etc.) Level Champions Runners Up will be eligible to compete at the World Cup Level under the management of the World Cup Implementation Committee.
Proposed Local Funding: 1) At first funding by relevant Academic Authorities at Local Level (School to University) of World Cup Knowledge Competition. 2) By the Government from police station (P.S) to state level.
World Cup Implementation Committee will be funded only at continental and global level. World Cup Implementation Fund
The proposed World Cup Implementation Fund can be constituted through voluntary donors/sponsors of individuals/renewed, well-established organizations/institutions.
[Note:i) The above mention issues are not to be treated as decision until approve by public opinion.
ii) If necessary, the Feasibility Studies Committee can be formed in the joint initiative of the research institutes of the ranking universities of different countries to test, audit and review the proposals(Proposer).
Please add the abstract or description of your proposed ---->