Infomediary
An infomediary works as a personal agent on behalf of consumers to help them take control over information gathered about them for use by marketers and advertisers. The concept of the infomediary was first suggested by former McKinsey consultant John Hagel III and former Harvard Business School professor Jeffrey Rayport in their article The Coming Battle for Customer Information.[1] The concept was explored in greater depth in Hagel's book (co-authored with McKinsey partner Marc Singer) Net Worth: Shaping Markets When Customers Make the Rules.[2]
Infomediaries operate on the assumption that personal information is the property of the individual described, not necessarily the property of the one who gathers it. The infomediary business model recognizes that there is value in this personal data and the infomediary seeks to act as a trusted agent, providing the opportunity and means for clients to monetize and profit from their own information profiles.[3]
One of the first focused implementations of the infomediary concept was an online advertising company called AllAdvantage launched in 1999.[4] While that company did not survive the bursting of the "dot-com bubble," in more recent years there has been renewed interest in the infomediary concept, with entrepreneurs and investors building companies to identify and leverage the market value of consumers' information.[5]
In the policy realm, a related concept known as the "information fiduciary" has been proposed by legal scholar Jack Balkin in which a set of legal and ethical obligations apply directly to the companies who hold data, rather than relying on an independent trusted third-party.[6][7][8] The jurisdiction surrounding the concept of infomediation remains unclear. It is difficult to legally define the responsibility of the infomediary, which is by definition neither the host nor the publisher of the content it makes available.[9]
References[edit]
- ^ Hagel III, John (Jan–Feb 1997). "The Coming Battle for Customer Information". Harvard Business Review. 75 (1): 53–5, 58, 60-1 passim. PMID 10174454. Retrieved 2012-09-14.
- ^ Hagel, John (January 1999). Net Worth. Harvard Business School Press. ISBN 0-87584-889-3.
- ^ Sarkar, Christian (2002-06-01). "Infomediation: Interview with John Hagel". OneWWWorld. Archived from the original on 2008-05-05. Retrieved 2008-07-13.
- ^ McNaughton, Kora (1999-03-30). "Pay per view ads get new twist". CNET News.com. Retrieved 2008-07-07.
- ^ "Start-Ups Aim to Help Users Put a Price on Their Personal Data". New York Times. 12 February 2012. Retrieved 13 February 2012.
- ^ Balkin, Jack M.; Zittrain, Jonathan (3 October 2016). "A Grand Bargain to Make Tech Companies Trustworthy". TheAtlantic.com. The Atlantic Monthly Group. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
...the central idea of an information fiduciary—the duty to use personal data in ways that don't betray end users and harm them.
- ^ Information Fiduciaries and the First Amendment 49 U.C. Davis L. Rev. 1183 (2016). Available at https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2675270 (October 18, 2015)
- ^ "At Harvard Law, Zittrain and Zuckerberg discuss encryption, 'information fiduciaries' and targeted advertisements". Harvard Law Today. Harvard Law School. 20 February 2019. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
- ^ Presse en ligne. Vol. 160–161. Éric Dagiral, Sylvain Parasie. Paris: La Découverte. 2010. ISBN 978-2-7071-6017-1. OCLC 690839626.
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