Research:Alternative lifecycles of new users
It is often assumed by both Wikipedians and wiki-researchers that new members to organizations tend to undergo a gradual process of socialization. For example, a new user may begin by copyediting, then contribute article content, then learn about project norms, and finally then join 'high-level' community processes like Wikiprojects, Did You Know (DYKs), Articles for Deletion (AfD) debates , and Requests for Adminship discussions. Well-established theories of organizational learning such as legitimate peripheral participation are fundamentally based on this assumption.
This project investigates to what extent new users experience these traditional modes of socialization, and to what extent they undergo alternative lifecycles -- such as a new user creating an article and immediately thrust into an deletion debate. Unlike previous studies which have focused on messages sent to users, this study is focused on individual new users as the primary unit of analysis. And unlike previous studies which have focused on editing trends (or namespaces), this study specifically identifies the different kinds of spaces in which new users are participating.
Question
[edit]Broadly, how are new users introduced into the Wikipedian community, and has this changed over time?
More specifically, out of all (via a random sample of) users who have been left at least one talk page message within 30 days of making their first edit:
- How many users are directly notified about or invited to participate in community processes -- such as AfDs, Wikiprojects, Did You Know (DYKs)
- How many are notified through templates versus personal messages?
- What is the relative proportion of each community process?
- What is the first process they are invited to participate in?
- How many users participate in community processes within 30 days of making their first edit?
- What is the relative proportion of each community process?
- What is the first process they participate in?
- Note: Because of our sample, these findings are close, but not equivalent to the raw number of new users who participate in those spaces -- which can be later analyzed in totality via quantitative metrics.
Methods
[edit]The unit of analysis for this study is the individual user, 30 days after they make their first edit. A random sample was generated containing 200 new editors to en.wiki per each 6 month period between January 2004 and June 2011, for a total of 1,400 editors. Only registered editors who had at least one message left for them on their talk page were included in this sample, and anonymous/IP accounts were excluded. Based on fields in the MediaWiki database, users were automatically coded to determine, after 30 days, if they were blocked, had created a user page, and had edited in each of the namespaces.
Researchers then manually coded each of the new users based on the schema below, relying on the list of messages left for them as well as their contribution histories. Researchers only specifically coded whether or not the new user had been notified of and/or participated in the various community processes within their first 30 days, as well as the first process the user was notified of and/or participated in.
Coding schema
[edit]Editor characteristics
[edit]- Blocked
- Has a userpage
- Edited various namespaces
List of community activities and processes
[edit]These will be coded both in their higher level categories as well as individual bullet point
- Deletions:
- Articles for Deletion debates, or other file, category, etc. for deletion
- Deletion review or other requests for undeletion
- Article review:
- Featured article review processes, or other non-WikiProject image/list/file/etc quality reviews, including peer review and requests for feedback
- Did You Know (DYKs)
- Patrols, including new page and recent changes patrol
- Community-building and policy:
- The village pump, all sections
- Requests for Adminship discussions, or other requests for permissions (rollback, oversight, bureaucrat)
- WikiProjects, including topic-specific noticeboards (e.g. Canadian Wikipedians' noticeboard)
- Discussion/debate about Wikipedia policy, usually in the Wikipedia namespace (note: mentioning the existence of policy is not enough)
- Essays -- commenting on or writing their own
- Other pages in the Wikipedia: namespace as applicable, including Department of Fun
- Dispute resolution and problem users:
- Requests for page protections (and unprotections)
- Requests for comment, third opinion, mediation cabal, or other informal dispute resolution spaces
- Arbitration committee hearings or formal mediation.
- Problem user noticeboards, including Administrator intervention against vandalism, Administrator's noticeboard/Incidents and sockpuppet investigations
- Requests for unblocking
- Question/Answer and help:
- Help desk and reference desk
- Wikipedia:Questions
- Editor assistance and w:WP:TUTORIALs
- Assistance noticeboards, including Administrator's noticeboard, Pages needing attention, Requested moves
Notifications
[edit]Notifications of and invitations to participate in various community processes.
- For the first notification:
- Templated and/or personalized message
- Welcome message or otherwise generic invitation
- Process in question (see list of processes)
- Has there been a notification of each of the following processes:
- See list of processes
Participation
[edit]Levels of participation in various community processes, coded based on examining contribution histories.
- Has the user, within 30 days of making their first edit, participated in each of the following processes?
- See list of processes
Data coded
[edit]We did not analyze all data this week, but we analyzed the following amounts from each year. The users we coded were randomly selected from each bin sampled.
| 2004 | 145 |
| 2005 | 110 |
| 2006 | 216 |
| 2008 | 150 |
Results and discussion
[edit]New users and deletion processes
[edit]We found that new users are receiving substantially more notifications that their articles and images are being deleted. This is to be expected because of the rise of the number of deleted articles and images generally as well as bots that notify users of upcoming deletions. However, the dramatic rise between 2005 and 2006 indicates that these notifications grew quite suddenly. In addition, it may be assumed that the increase in notifications of deletion processes to new users would result in an increase in the number of new users who participate in deletion-related spaces. Yet we found the exact opposite: new users are participating in deletion processes at a substantially reduced rate.
New users' participation in community processes
[edit]We found that new users are participating substantially less in community processes, across almost all areas of activity. The exception is dispute resolution, which remained relatively flat, and had such a small proportion of edits that the fluctuations can be due to random variance.
Summary
[edit]Future work
[edit]Next week, we will perform this analysis for all years within all time segments, with a full analysis of all 200 randomly-sampled editors in each six-month cohort. We will also determine whether or not the users who participated in each deletion process were participating in response to a deletion notification. This is because we observed a number of users who did not have their own articles nominated for deletion or other notifications, but actively participated in the AfD process as well as a number of other community processes in the first few weeks of their editorship in Wikipedia.