Справка:Служебные страницы
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Служебные страницы are created by the software on demand. They are located in the "Special:" namespace and have no corresponding wikitext. An automatic list of most special pages is available by the Special pages link on every wiki page.
Below is an arranged list of special pages available on most Wikimedia projects. Page names are case-insensitive; their default names were converted from capitalized lowercase to CamelCase in March 2008.
For many special pages the option Preferences → Recent changes → "Number of edits to show in recent changes, page histories, and in logs, by default:" determines the number of titles per page.
Списки
Все страницы
- All pages (Allpages)
- All pages with prefix (Prefixindex)
MediaWiki searches all pages in a specified group of names in a special ASCII order. Capitals come before lowercase letters; special characters, such as é, come after z.
MediaWiki searches include redirects (for example: #REDIRECT[[Page name]]). These redirects are usually displayed in a different style than normal pages because of allpagesredirect class.
If a person uses "Display pages starting at:" to search, both Special:Prefixindex and Special:Allpages will show the list of pages starting with this word, then Allpages will display all of the other pages in ASCII order which don't have this word.
For example, if a person types in "Computer" in the "Display pages starting at:" box on the Special:AllPages page, MediaWiki will first list all pages that start with the word "Computer":
- Computer
- Computer-Aided Design
- Computer-Aided Test Tool
- ComputerWorld Smithsonian Award
MediaWiki will then list all of the other pages that don't start with "Computer" in ASCII order.
Защищённые
- Protected pages (Protectedpages) — Страниц, защищённых от редактирования
- Protected titles (Protectedtitles) — Страницы, защищённые от создания. This feature replaced cascading protection hack. Titles can be also protected by mask with MediaWiki:Titleblacklist.
Категории
- Categories (Categories)
- List of all categories, alphabetically ordered, showing the number of top elements in each category. Not very convenient, so many projects create index pages like w:Wikipedia:Contents/Categories.
- Category Tree (Categorytree)
- The tree of pages and subcategories, using Extension:CategoryTree. The same tree functionality is used on categories pages, and can be inserted into any page with
<categorytree>tag.
Изображения
- Files (Imagelist)
- List of uploaded files with descriptions, can be sorted by date, name or size.
- Gallery of new files (Newimages)
- Gallery of uploaded files with thumbnails, sorted by upload date.
Кэшированные списки
All these lists are updated periodically (not in real time). They say "The following data is cached" and show the day of the last update.
All these lists are limited to 5000 titles, on several large Wikimedia projects to 1000 titles.
Записанные страницы
- Redirects (Listredirects)
- Список первых 500/1000 перенаправлений, отобранных по дате создания.
- Most transcluded pages (Mostlinkedtemplates)
- Most linked-to files (Mostimages)
- Most linked-to categories (Mostlinkedcategories)
These lists only show main namespace pages:
- Pages with the most categories (Mostcategories)
- Short pages (Shortpages)
- Long pages (Longpages)
The following lists are no longer updated in Wikimedia projects due to big server load:
Most linked-to pages(Mostlinked)Oldest pages(Ancientpages)Pages with the fewest revisions(Fewestrevisions)Pages with the most revisions(Mostrevisions)
Проблемные
- Broken redirects (BrokenRedirects)
- Перенаправления на несуществующие страницы, обычно впоследствии удалённых. Администраторы периодически фиксируют и удаляют либо исправляют ссылки, в случае переименования без перенаправлений.
- Double redirects (DoubleRedirects)
- Редиректы на другие редиректы. . Дублированные перенаправления фиксируются ботами во многих википроектах.
- Orphaned pages (Lonelypages)
- Main namespace pages with no links to them in the wiki.
- Dead-end pages (Deadendpages)
- Main namespace pages without any outgoing internal links.
- Pages without language links (Withoutinterwiki)
- Main namespace pages without Interlanguage links.
- Wanted categories (Wantedcategories)
- Non-existent categories used on wiki pages. These should either be created (by adding category description and upper categories) or those wiki pages should be fixed (e.g. if someone mistyped a category name).
- Wanted pages (Wantedpages)
- List of non-existing pages with the most links to them, excluding pages which only have redirects linking to them.
Without categories
Usually these pages need to be either categorized or deleted.
- Uncategorized pages (Uncategorizedpages)
- Uncategorized categories (Uncategorizedcategories)
- Uncategorized files (Uncategorizedimages)
- Uncategorized templates (Uncategorizedtemplates)
Используемые
If the pages are not used, they probably need to be deleted. Note however that images might be used externally, and templates may be used for substitution.
- Unused files (Unusedimages)
- Unused categories (Unusedcategories)
- Unused templates (Unusedtemplates)
Инструменты
- What links here (Whatlinkshere)
- This link is available on every wiki page, see Help:What links here on MediaWiki.
- Upload file (Upload)
- Available only to autoconfirmed users on most projects.
- ⧼filepath⧽ (Filepath)
- Returns the complete path for a file.
- Expand templates (ExpandTemplates)
- Provides an input box to enter wikitext, and another one to enter a page name, and produces expanded wikitext, i.e., templates, parser functions and variables are expanded recursively; variables depending on page name are expanded based on the supplied page name.
- Book sources (Booksources)
- ISBN Book Sources
- Cite This Page (Cite)
- Export pages (Export)
- Produces an XML file containing the wikitext and metadata of either the current version only, or all revisions, of one or more pages, specified in the form of a list; the XML file is in the format required for Special:Import; exporting is typically done either in preparation of applying the latter at another MediaWiki project, or for searching within old page revisions. See Help:Export on MediaWiki.
Поиск
- Search (Search)
- Смотрите Help:Searching.
- External links search (Linksearch)
- Смотрите Справка:Ссылки в Mediawiki.
- MIME search (MIMEsearch)
- Filters files for its MIME-type.
Случайные
- Random page (Random)
- Random redirect (Randomredirect)
These links redirect to a random page/redirect from the main namespace. Other namespaces can be specified as a parameter.
| Случайные страницы | |
|---|---|
| (Main) | Talk |
| User | Talk |
| Meta | Talk |
| File | Talk |
| MediaWiki | Talk |
| Template | Talk |
| Help | Talk |
| Category | Talk |
| Случайные перенаправления | |
|---|---|
| (Main) | Talk |
| User | Talk |
| Meta | Talk |
| File | Talk |
| MediaWiki | Talk |
| Template | Talk |
| Help | Talk |
| Category | Talk |
Users actions
- Logs (Log)
- See #Logs below.
- Recent changes (Recentchanges)
- See Help:Свежие правки. Limited to 30 days on Wikimedia projects, just like two following special pages and the watchlist.
- Related changes (Recentchangeslinked – Relatedchanges (bugzilla:13112))
- Смотрите Help:Related changes в Mediawiki.
- New pages (Newpages)
- Смотрите Справка:Новые страницы в Mediawiki. Can be patrolled on Wikimedia projects.
Проект
Учётная запись
- ⧼userlogin⧽ (Userlogin)
- Creates new login cookie.
- Special:CreateAccount and Special:Userlogin/signup are two aliases for account creation page. Registered user can use this page to create a new account (for example, for a bot), so that it's affiliation with the main account would be obvious from the user creation log.
- Log out (Userlogout)
- Destroys cookie, see also Политика конфиденциальности. This link is not included in the automatic list because it is present on every page.
Pages available only to registered users:
- Preferences (Preferences)
- Смотрите Help:Preferences
- Watchlist (Watchlist)
- Смотрите Справка:Watching pages в MediaWiki.
- Login unification status (MergeAccount)
- Смотрите Помощь:Единая учётная запись
Участники
- Users (Listusers)
- Алфавитный список всех зарегистрированных участников, которых можно распределить по группам. There also is Special:ListAdmins, which is a redirect to Special:ListUsers/sysop. For some project families, notably Fandom, this applies for the whole family.
- Blocked users (Ipblocklist)
- Заблокированные lP-адреса и учётные записи
- User contributions (Contributions)
- Requires a target user: e.g. Special:Contributions/Example. This link is also present on every user/user talk page. Registered users also have the link to their own contributions on top.
MediaWiki
- Version (Version)
- Shows MediaWiki version the site is currently running, and a listing of extensions installed.
- Statistics (Statistics)
- Project statistics, appearance is defined by MediaWiki:Sitestatstext.
- Special pages (Specialpages)
- Автоматизированный список часто используемых служебных страниц.
- System messages (Allmessages)
- Все страницы в MediaWiki имеют пространство имён, смотрите Справка:Системные сообщения в MediaWiki.
- Gadgets (Gadgets)
Wikimedia
- Wiki matrix (SiteMatrix)
- By Extension:SiteMatrix. Displays all sites of the Фонд Викимедиа.
- Wikimedia Board of Trustees election (Boardvote)
- Voting software for Совет попечителей Фонда Викимедиа elections.
Restricted special pages
These pages are only available to users with special rights. Most of them are linked from the corresponding places in MediaWiki interface.
- Sysops
- Block user (Blockip)
- Block or unblock users, IPs and ranges of IPs.
- View deleted pages (Undelete)
- Restore all or some revisions of deleted page.
- Deleted user contributions (DeletedContributions)
- Show user's contributions to deleted pages.
- Import pages (Import)
- Imports the wikitext and metadata of one or more revisions of one or more pages by uploading an XML file in the format produced by Special:Export (typically after applying the latter at another MediaWiki project). See Справка:Импорт.
- Unwatched pages (Unwatchedpages)
- List of pages not watched by anyone.
- Mass delete (Nuke)
- Mass deletions of pages recently added by a given user or IP. This is Extension:Nuke, enabled only on some Wikimedia projects.
- Bureaucrats
- Make a user into a sysop.
- Make a user into a bot.
- Rename user account, see Extension:Renameuser.
- CheckUsers
- Get user IP, see Help:CheckUser.
- Oversight
- See oversight policy.
- Stewards
- User rights (Userrights)
- Give and remove user access rights (e.g. sysop, bureaucrat, checkuser) on any Wikimedia project. On some projects also available to sysops for giving users patrol or rollback flags.
- Developers
- Lock database, puts the wiki in read only mode.
- Unlock database: returns the wiki to read/write mode.
Other pages
These pages are not listed in the automatic list because they are already present in MediaWiki interface.
- Move (Movepage)
- CAPTCHA help (Captcha)
- Confirm email address (Confirmemail)
Also, by definition these pages can be considered special:
- Page history
- Diff
- Delete, protect, and block pages available to sysops.
Links to special pages
Special pages can be linked to as usual, like Special:Recentchanges. Instead of "special" prefix, a localized namespace name can be used, e.g. "Speciaal" in Dutch, "Spezial" in German, "Speciális" in Hungarian and "מיוחד" in Hebrew. The localized name also appears in the URLs.
Redirects to special pages have been disabled because of their complications.
Some special pages accept (and some require) a parameter after /. For other pages and parameters the full URL has to be given, for example //meta.wikimedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Special:Recentchanges&days=3&limit=10 (last 10 changes).
AllpagesandPrefixindexallow a namespace and a (partial) pagename, for example:
- Special:Allpages/Template:Z — all templates starting with "Z" and all templates after that.
- Special:Prefixindex/User:Example/ — all subpages of user Example; this is the most popular usage of PrefixIndex.
- Besides, these special pages can be transcluded into wikitext, so the result appears as the part of the page, e.g.
{{Special:Prefixindex/User:Example/}}.
Whatlinkshere,Recentchangeslinked,Movepage,Undelete,ContributionsandBlockip, being interface links, accept (or even require) a page or a user name, e.g. Special:Whatlinkshere/Help:Special page.Search,LinksearchandMIMEsearchaccept search value, e.g. Special:Search/word.Listuserscan be used with a group name: sysop, bot, bureaucrat, checkuser, e.g. Special:Listusers/bot.Logcan be used with a log type: move, protect, block, delete, e.g. Special:Log/move.RandomandRandomredirectaccept namespace (see above).
Two special pages Mypage and Mytalk exist specially for internal links, they redirect to the pages of a user who follows these links. Examples: Special:Mypage, Special:Mypage/common.js.
Transclusion
Recentchanges,Newpages,NewimagesandOldReviewedPagescan be transcluded:{{Special:Newpages/shownav}}— show with header{{Special:Newpages/10}}— show 10 elements{{Special:Newpages/limit=10,offset=10,shownav}}— start from 10th element, plus previous parameters
From MediaWiki 1.19 template-like syntax works also, see bugzilla:15558. For example:
{{Special:Newpages|limit=3}}
gives
- 16:45, 28 May 2023 CentralNotice/Request/Czech Wiki Photo 2023 (hist | edit) [1,818 bytes] Richard Sekerak (WMCZ) (talk | contribs) (Banner request creation - Czech Wiki Photo 2023)
- 16:21, 28 May 2023 Tech/News/2023/22/it (hist | edit) [3,845 bytes] Sakretsu (talk | contribs) (Created page with "Tech/News/2023/22")
- 16:05, 28 May 2023 Wikimedia Foundation Affiliates Strategy/FAQ/hi (hist | edit) [9,388 bytes] Suyash.dwivedi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "विकिमीडिया फाउंडेशन एफ़िलियट्स रणनीति/अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले प्रश्न")
Logs
Special:Log - combined display of various logs. You can narrow down the view by:
- selecting a log type, including:
- ⧼blockpage⧽ - blocks and unblocks
- Deletion log - deleted and undeleted pages
- Protection log - protected and unprotected pages
- Upload log - list of images uploaded
- entering the full name without prefix of the acting user (usual case-sensitivity)
- entering the full name of the affected page (usual case-sensitivity) e.g. "File:Map South Holland.png"), or the full name including prefix of the affected user (in the case of blocking, setting user rights, setting bot status, and user creation) or without prefix (in the case of renaming a user)
It does not seem possible to search by editor for edits of deleted pages. They can only be seen by a sysop with Special:Undelete if the exact page name is known.
There are no logs available on the site for:
- adding or removing a page from a user's list of page to watch (the user can only view the current state)
- change of preferences of a user (ditto)
- viewing a page (except that, if $wgDisableCounters is
false, the total number of views of a page is displayed on it) - editing and previewing a page without saving
- applying Special:ExpandTemplates
- applying Special:Export
- unfinished operations (e.g. an attempted page move)
It is possible to add other events to the logs; for an example, see the code for Extension:GlobalBlocking or for Article.php.
See also
- Help:Namespace#Special namespace
- Help:Alphabetic order used by Special:Allpages among others
- Manual:Special pages on MediaWiki
- Category:Special page extensions on MediaWiki
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