WikiLearn - Introduction to Partnership Building (computer-graded exercises) - video: Tool: Problem/solution trees

@metadata	sourceLanguage "en" priorityLanguages "es" "fr" "ar" "ru" "zh" allowOnlyPriorityLanguages true description "video in Introduction to Partnership Building (computer-graded exercises) - Basics of partnership building for Wikimedia volunteers, with computer-graded exercises." label "WikiLearn - Introduction to Partnership Building (computer-graded exercises) - video: Tool: Problem/solution trees"
display_name	"Tool: Problem/solution trees"
subtitle-520-5800-1	"But, I hear you asking: "what if I'm the kind of person who's better at seeing problems"
subtitle-5800-10420-2	"than solutions?" What if I couldn't think of this solution?"
subtitle-10870-16420-3	"Well, I have just the thing for you, if you're one of those people."
subtitle-16420-17650-4	"I am one of those people."
subtitle-18890-22580-5	"And I offer you this tool: a problem /solution tree."
subtitle-23210-29750-6	"You start a little diagram with the main problem that you want to tackle as the trunk"
subtitle-29750-36210-7	"of the tree. And you start drawing the causes of the problem as roots and the"
subtitle-36210-43080-8	"consequences of the problem, the effects that this problem has as branches of the"
subtitle-43080-50970-9	"tree. And then you can reverse these negative statements and voilà, you have a"
subtitle-50970-53250-10	"potential solution tree."
subtitle-53280-58380-11	"This may sound really silly, but I want to demonstrate this to you, because once we have"
subtitle-58380-63690-12	"a solution tree, we can actually evaluate the practicality and the priority of"
subtitle-63690-72180-13	"particular solutions and derive a strategy, or in other words, invent intervention points"
subtitle-72570-73770-14	"towards that solution."
subtitle-73770-76710-15	"So I want to give you an example with a different topic."
subtitle-77250-78520-16	"Here's a problem tree."
subtitle-78540-86130-17	"The main problem is we don't have Freedom of Panorama; in case not everybody knows this"
subtitle-86340-94230-18	"problem or this term: Freedom of Panorama is a legal concept that means the right to take"
subtitle-94230-102270-19	"photos of artwork, including architecture and buildings, that is displayed in public In"
subtitle-102270-108210-20	"countries that have the freedom of panorama legal concept, if a building or a statue or a"
subtitle-108210-113850-21	"painting is out in public, even though it was created, say, five years ago, meaning the"
subtitle-113850-116310-22	"artist that created it still has copyright,"
subtitle-116430-121620-23	"I am allowed to take a photo of it because it is in public, because it is within my"
subtitle-121620-123360-24	"panorama, what I can see."
subtitle-123900-125150-25	"That's Freedom of Panorama."
subtitle-125160-129990-26	"And countries that don't have Freedom of Panorama, literally it is illegal for me to"
subtitle-129990-136110-27	"take a photo of a building or a sculpture if the copyright on that art, or that"
subtitle-136110-138990-28	"architectural design, still exists."
subtitle-139620-142000-29	"Now, I know: you're saying "what?!"
subtitle-142000-143100-30	"I never thought of that."
subtitle-143100-144690-31	"I always take pictures of copyrighted buildings."
subtitle-145110-147570-32	"Of newer buildings." Yes, most people aren't aware."
subtitle-148020-149520-33	"It's not a very familiar concept."
subtitle-149520-152520-34	"And very few people are sued because of [lack of] Freedom of Panorama."
subtitle-152520-153900-35	"But still, it is a concept."
subtitle-153900-159990-36	"It is illegal in some countries and Commons is very particular about it, and will not"
subtitle-159990-164910-37	"accept photos of copyrighted buildings or statues from countries that don't have"
subtitle-164910-167790-38	"Freedom of Panorama, like South Africa, for example."
subtitle-169290-170760-39	"So let's say this is our problem."
subtitle-170760-173850-40	"The problem is that we don't have Freedom of Panorama in our country."
subtitle-174030-177150-41	"Now, why is this an important problem?"
subtitle-177150-178300-42	"What does it prevent?"
subtitle-178320-183900-43	"For example, we have less access to public heritage via Wikimedia, because we cannot"
subtitle-183900-189240-44	"document it. And it is difficult to run Wiki Loves Monuments programs in a country that"
subtitle-189690-191130-45	"doesn't have Freedom of Panorama."
subtitle-191130-193950-46	"And these two things lead to frustrated contributors."
subtitle-195090-198540-47	"Now, why do we not have freedom of panorama?"
subtitle-198540-200490-48	"What are the causes of this problem?"
subtitle-200850-206640-49	"Well, one cause is that legislators are unaware because in most countries it's just"
subtitle-206640-212670-50	"an inheritance of old British law or old Russian law or whatever."
subtitle-212730-215610-51	"And nobody has given any thought to it in recent decades."
subtitle-215610-219810-52	"Very few countries are deliberately prohibiting Freedom of Panorama, today."
subtitle-219810-225360-53	"It's usually just an old law that nobody cares about or is even aware of, because the"
subtitle-225360-227670-54	"general public doesn't care and takes pictures anyway."
subtitle-227670-229200-55	"But we Wikimedians care."
subtitle-229290-233010-56	"And the problem is that legislators – our parliaments – don't know."
subtitle-233610-235740-57	"And secondly, it's a boring topic."
subtitle-236010-239010-58	"Nobody wants to talk about copyright, except for Wikimedians."
subtitle-239010-240630-59	"Nobody wants to talk about copyright."
subtitle-240630-241770-60	"It's not a sexy topic."
subtitle-241770-244020-61	"It's not an attractive discussion topic."
subtitle-245670-248730-62	"So we can ask ourselves: "why is it a boring topic?"
subtitle-249300-254460-63	"Why does nobody care?" Well, because the public is unaware of the consequences of"
subtitle-254460-259440-64	"this! If you start talking to people about Freedom of Panorama and copyright law, they"
subtitle-259440-264360-65	"don't care. But if you tell them we don't have pictures of our national whatever,"
subtitle-264360-270390-66	"heroes or statues or monuments or the building of our parliament, because it was"
subtitle-270390-275040-67	"built less than 70 years ago, then it starts..."
subtitle-275940-280080-68	"The preposterousness of the situation becomes more clear."
subtitle-280290-282240-69	"But the public right now is unaware."
subtitle-282750-284550-70	"And why are legislators unaware?"
subtitle-284550-290100-71	"Well, both of these – the legislators and the public – are unaware because in our"
subtitle-290100-293880-72	"country there is generally very low copyright enforcement."
subtitle-293880-298950-73	"Even things that are clearly copyrighted like films or books are routinely pirated in"
subtitle-298950-300900-74	"our country. So nobody cares."
subtitle-301710-302970-75	"So this is a very simple example."
subtitle-302970-306150-76	"Of course, you can continue to develop this problem tree."
subtitle-306540-310170-77	"But the point is that once you have identified some of the roots of these"
subtitle-310170-312570-78	"problems, this is where the magic happens."
subtitle-312570-320520-79	"What if we literally simply go and negate or invert every negative statement here and we"
subtitle-320520-323160-80	"turn it into a solution tree?"
subtitle-323880-325200-81	"What would that look like?"
subtitle-325800-329730-82	"So we have Freedom of Panorama, not we don't have."
subtitle-330270-336720-83	"And we have Freedom of Panorama because legislators are aware and took action, and it"
subtitle-336720-338160-84	"is an attractive topic."
subtitle-338400-339990-85	"And why is it an attractive topic?"
subtitle-339990-341370-86	"Because the public is aware."
subtitle-341370-344660-87	"And why is the public aware and the legislators are aware?"
subtitle-344670-347670-88	"Because we have better copyright enforcement in general."
subtitle-348630-353130-89	"Now, you may say, "wait, but we don't!" And I say, yes, but we're just practicing here."
subtitle-353130-355530-90	"We're just inverting all the statements."
subtitle-356340-360330-91	"And of course, if we have Freedom of Panorama, then we would have more access to"
subtitle-360330-363720-92	"public heritage and there would be no barrier to running Wiki Loves Monuments,"
subtitle-363720-366290-93	"which would lead to happy contributors."
subtitle-366300-367920-94	"This looks great, right?"
subtitle-368430-370890-95	"The only problem is it is of course, complete fantasy."
subtitle-371490-373230-96	"But is it complete fantasy?"
subtitle-373650-379110-97	"We can actually take this solution tree and say, "All right, this is our long term"
subtitle-379110-385890-98	"outcome – We want to arrive at a moment when we have freedom of panorama.", but we can"
subtitle-385890-393330-99	"identify that an interim outcome for that to happen is that our legislators become aware"
subtitle-393630-394740-100	"and take action."
subtitle-396060-401520-101	"That's an interim outcome and maybe an interim outcome for that, is that we need to"
subtitle-401520-403740-102	"have better copyright enforcement, etc., etc.."
subtitle-404460-405900-103	"I just put these two examples."
subtitle-405900-409890-104	"But of course, these can also be interim outcomes."
subtitle-411900-415950-105	"So this helped us identify those outcomes, which, remember, was the point of the"
subtitle-415950-420480-106	"exercise, because we started with the question, "what if I can think of what would"
subtitle-420480-425970-107	"be a good outcome?" So a problem/solution tree can help us, and then we can actually"
subtitle-425970-432720-108	"evaluate each of these potential outcomes, and decide whether that is something that we"
subtitle-432720-434520-109	"can usefully work towards."
subtitle-434700-438710-110	"For instance: Can we make legislators aware?"
subtitle-439340-440600-111	"Conceivably, yes!"
subtitle-440600-443380-112	"We could lobby the legislators."
subtitle-443390-446600-113	"We could draft a Freedom of Panorama bill for them."
subtitle-446810-449510-114	"Do the work for them and say, here's a sample bill."
subtitle-449540-451070-115	"You know, you just need to pass it through parliament."
subtitle-451520-453530-116	"And here's why, יere's why it's important."
subtitle-455000-460430-117	"Now, they may still be reluctant to do it, but what if we also make sure that the public"
subtitle-460430-465680-118	"is aware? Let's say by a social media campaign, of the absurdity of the situation."
subtitle-465920-471350-119	"The absurdity of, for example, not being able to feature a photo of our parliament in"
subtitle-471350-475610-120	"Wikipedia because, I don't know, it was built less than 70 years ago or, you know,"
subtitle-475700-477200-121	"our national poet or a national hero or whatever."
subtitle-477530-479000-122	"Something that would attract the public's attention."
subtitle-479450-481100-123	"We can do that, conceivably."
subtitle-481610-486140-124	"And then conceivably the public could decide that's a topic that's attractive."
subtitle-486140-490670-125	"With enough public awareness, that could actually encourage those legislators."
subtitle-491060-493640-126	"Because they will then see there is a public benefit to it."
subtitle-493640-498450-127	""Oh, I could be popular if I pass this bill." Etc., etc.."
subtitle-498670-506170-128	"So once we've identified these, we can decide where we can create an intervention."
subtitle-506170-509920-129	"And this one, for example, I put in gray, because you know what?"
subtitle-510640-516400-130	"We probably have very little influence on the general level of copyright enforcement in"
subtitle-516400-522250-131	"our society. That's probably not an outcome that we can reasonably, feasibly work"
subtitle-522250-526190-132	"towards. Remember I said you need to make sure your interventions are feasible."
subtitle-526570-529780-133	"I mean, conceivably, maybe you can do something about it, but probably not."
subtitle-530140-535450-134	"These three that I've identified here are much clearer, are clearly much more feasible,"
subtitle-536380-540880-135	"influence points or intervention points, for us as a Wikimedia group."
subtitle-541090-542380-136	"For us to do advocacy."
subtitle-542500-543760-137	"So I'm giving you an example."
subtitle-543760-549550-138	"Not everything will be realistic for us to pursue, but we can maybe find some outcomes,"
subtitle-549550-553360-139	"some interim outcomes that we can take action towards."
subtitle-554970-557640-140	"So this was an example of a tool."