Talk:Pilipinas Panorama Community/Freedom of Panorama
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FOP in ASEAN + APEC
[edit]- Contributed by JWilz12345, PPC regular member
Combined countries that are members of Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC). The list does not include dependencies or overseas territories. Partial means the country's FOP provision only covers architectural works, not other types of public space works.
Selected country | FOP status | FOP provision | Note/s |
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Philippines | no | (thoroughly discussed earlier on this page) | |
Australia | yes | Copyright law: Part III, Division 7, Sections 65–66. Publication is governed by Section 68. |
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Brunei | yes | Copyright law: Section 66 | Follows British copyright law heritage, hence the Bruneian FOP is very similar to the British FOP. Most flat arts like murals and frescoes are not covered as a result. |
Cambodia | no | Copyright law: Article 25, second paragraph | Incidental inclusion only ("doesn't constitute the principle [sic] subject for subsequent reproduction"). More like de minimis than freedom of panorama. The "principle" word in the English translation is probably a typographical error; it should have been "principal". |
Canada | yes | Copyright law: Section 32.2, (b), (i) and (ii) | Follows British copyright law heritage, hence the Canadian FOP is very similar to the British FOP. Most flat arts like murals and frescoes are not covered as a result. |
Chile | yes | Article 71F | Outdoor works only, including exterior architecture. Photos of other architecture, like interior architecture, can only be used in traditional media and in textbooks. Lawful commercial uses of public art is allowed, provided that those works are permanently seen in public outdoors, and that extends to exterior architecture. Refer to: c:COM:FOP Chile. |
China (People's Republic of China) | yes | Copyright law: Article 24(10) | The FOP wording is probably generalized. While it may seem to appear that even temporal artworks can be freely used, a 1995 statement from Supreme People's Court explicitly gives the opposite perspective: outdoor artistic works used in a Chinese Lantern Festival event cannot be considered as "art works installed or displayed in public places" because of their temporal nature. Court rulings in the past defined Chinese freedom of panorama: refer to c:COM:FOP China. |
Indonesia | no | Copyright law (in Indonesian). Closest provision is Article 43(d). Translation: "the creation and distribution of Copyrighted content through information and communication technology media that are not commercial and/or lucrative to the Author or related parties, or the Author expresses no opposition to the creation and distribution."
Considered unfit for Wikimedia Commons, because it means photos of such works can only be distributed in the Internet under non-commercial licenses. See a discussion by the Indonesian chapter of Creative Commons here (in Indonesian). | |
Japan | partial | Copyright law: Article 46, which features a non-commercial restriction for images of public art at the fourth condition. |
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Korea, South | no | Copyright law: Article 35(2), which features a non-commercial restriction at the fourth condition. |
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Lao People's Democratic Republic | no | Copyright law: Article 115(3.) | No actual freedom of panorama as public space works can only be included in photos "incidentally" (de minimis). |
Malaysia | yes | Copyright law: Section 13(2)(d) | Covers almost all works meant to be permanent in public spaces, but excludes layout designs, blueprints, and other similar works, in accordance with Section 3 that defines terms like "artistic work". The 2022 amendment did not alter the Malaysian FOP in any way. |
Mexico | yes | Copyright law: Article 148(VII.); in Spanish. Translation: "Article 148. – Literary and artistic works already disclosed may be used, provided the normal exploitation of the work is not affected, without authorization from the owner of the economic right and without remuneration, invariably citing the source and without altering the work, only in the following cases:.... VII. Reproduction, communication and distribution by means of drawings, paintings, photographs and audiovisual procedures of the works that are visible from public places; | But according to c:COM:FOP Mexico, some indoor locations like metro (subway) stations of Mexico City are denying the FOP right to photographers. In accordance to Federal Law of Telecom and Broadcasting, public places are "those that are in the charge of dependencies of federal, state or municipal entities, or under public programs of any one of the three orders of government." Such locations include educational institutions (e.g. schools and universities), healthcare facilities (e.g. clinics and hospitals), government offices, open areas and areas with free admission (e.g. parks, greeneries, sports facilities), and "places that collaborate in public federal programs." This would inevitably exclude most transportation facilities as well as all places of worship. |
Myanmar / Burma | no | Likely not OK, at least at the first glance of the unofficial translation of the 2019 law provided by Lincoln Legal Services (Myanmar) Ltd. (Wayback Machine copy) that repealed the 1914 British colonial-era law which featured a British-style freedom of panorama provision. Sections 24–33 (limitations/exceptions) do not contain a provision resembling FOP. | |
New Zealand | yes | Copyright law: Section 73 | Follows British copyright law heritage, hence the New Zealander FOP is very similar to the British FOP. Most flat arts like murals and frescoes are not covered as a result. |
Papua New Guinea | no | c:COM:FOP Papua New Guinea | |
Peru | yes | Article 43(e) | For more details: c:COM:FOP Peru. Some public indoors are covered. |
Russian Federation | partial | Copyright law: Article 1276(2), in Russian. (1) governs uses of non-architectural public space works, still subject to Soviet-era non-commercial restriction. | According to c:COM:FOP Russia, "the FOP exceptions for works of architecture, urban development, and garden and landscape design, which were added under consultation with Wikimedia Russia, have taken effect with the Civil Code amendments as of October 1, 2014." See also this article on Wikimedia's blogging site Diff, written by Linar Khalitov (User:Rubin16). |
Singapore | yes | Copyright law: Section 265 | Follows British copyright law heritage, hence the Singaporean FOP is very similar to the British FOP. Most flat arts like murals and frescoes are not covered as a result. |
Taiwan (Republic of China) | partial | Copyright law: Article 58, which features a non-commercial restriction for images of public art at the fourth condition. |
Important discussions on Taiwanese FOP matter: c:Commons:Village pump/Copyright/Archive/2023/01#FOP Taiwan and w:zh:维基百科讨论:全景自由#有关维基共享资源台湾全景自由问题一事. The latter (generally in Chinese) includes contention from some members of Wikimedia Taiwan community despite a recent official reply from Taiwan Intelletual Property Office or TIPO reaffirming the restrictive perspective that commercial use of Taiwanese monuments under copyright does not conform with the law. TIPO also stated that the use of Creative Commons licenses being mandated by Wikimedia can infringe the copyrights held by artists of non-architectural public works, as the licenses do not prevent reusers from using photos of works like Ju Ming sculptures and Hongtong village murals in post cards and other items where the main purpose is to sell photographic copies of those artworks.
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Thailand | yes | Copyright law: Sections 37 and 38 | According to Thai-speaking Wikimedian User:Paul_012 here, the FOP text in original language (Thai) features a condition that only works regularly placed in public can be freely used. The "regularly" wording is missing in most English translations, whether official (like the link provided here) or unofficial (like the versions at WIPO Lex database). |
United States of America | partial | Copyright law: Section 120(a) "Scope of exclusive rights in architectural works". Cornell Law School copy of the provision. |
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Vietnam | no | Copyright law, 2022 amendment (in Vietnamese): Article 25.1.(h) or Điều 25.1.(h). Translation provided by WIPO Lex: "1. Cases where the published works could be used without obtaining permission or paying royalties but information on the author's name and the origin of the work must be published include: ... h) To take photograph or televise the art work, architectural, photographic, applied-art works displayed at public places for the purpose of presenting images of these works and not for commercial purposes;" | The Vietnamese copyright law was amended in 2022, with the amendments becoming effective on January 1, 2023. Prior to the amendments the FOP provision did not feature the "không nhằm mục đích thương mại" ("not for commercial purposes") restriction. Discussions: on Wikimedia Commons and on Vietnamese Wikipedia. In the discussion on Commons, one user remarked: "I believe our community can not do anything now and even in the future when the government has no interest in Wikipedia." |
FOP in Council of Europe
[edit]- Contributed by JWilz12345, PPC regular member
Combined countries that are members of Council of Europe. The list does not include dependencies or overseas territories. Partial means the country's FOP provision only covers architectural works, not other types of public space works.
Out of 46 members of the Council of Europe, 27 are members of the European Union (EU): Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, and Sweden. Note that country names in bold refer to countries with full FOP, country names in italics for countries with partial FOP only for architecture, and countries with no highlighting for countries with no complete FOP. (This makes: 27 EU countries = 15 full FOP, 2 partial FOP, and 10 no FOP.)
A relevant Meta-wiki article on EU FOP is EU policy/Studies/FoP2/, a work by Plamena Popova of University of Library Studies and IT, Bulgaria. Another useful article, by Wiki Loves Monuments website, is Cultural Heritage Laws & Freedom of Panorama, dated October 18, 2016 and authored by User:Lodewijk.
Selected country | FOP status | FOP provision | Note/s |
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Albania | yes | Copyright law (in Albanian): Article 82. Translation: "Reproduction of works permanently placed in public places 1. The reproduction of the works, which are permanently located on streets, squares, parks or other open areas that are accessible to the public, is allowed as well as the distribution, communication to the public of these reproductions, without the authorization of the author or the holder of the right to the author and without compensation. 2. The works referred to in point 1 of this article cannot be reproduced in three-dimensional form. 3. Regarding the reproduction of architectural work, point 1 of this article applies only in relation to the external appearance of the architectural work. 4. In the cases provided for in point 1 of this article, the source and authorship of these copies will be indicated, in cases where this is possible. |
The 2022 amendment of the copyright law did not alter the Albanian FOP (Article 82) in any way. |
Andorra | no | c:COM:FOP Andorra | |
Armenia | yes | Copyright law: Article 25. | The comment on the provision indicates it was an amendment from April 13, 2013. c:COM:FOP Armenia notes the law previously had non-commercial FOP before this amendment, seemingly inheriting the restricted FOP of the former Soviet Union, of which it was formerly part of (see c:COM:FOP Soviet Union). |
Austria | yes | Copyright law (in German): Article 54(1)(5.). Translation: "5. To reproduce, distribute, present publicly through visual methods, broadcast by radio, and make available to public works of architecture after being completed or other works of fine arts after being prepared made to be permanently situated in a public place; excluded are the duplication of works of architecture, the duplication of a work of painting or graphic arts for permanent attachment at a location of the type mentioned as well as the duplication of works of sculpture by the sculpture. | |
Azerbaijan | no | Copyright law: Article 20 | |
Belgium | yes | Copyright law: Article XI.190 (in Dutch, in French) 2/1°. the Translation: "XI.190 Once a work has been lawfully published, its author may not prohibit:... 2/1° reproduction and communication to the public of works of plastic, graphic or architectural art intended to be placed permanently in public places, provided that it concerns the reproduction or the communication of the work as it is found there." | The introduction of freedom of panorama in Belgium in summer of 2016 was made possible through the efforts of Wikimedia Belgium (documentation). As per the latest version of the law, this provision is subject to a common provision at Art. XI.192/3: The exceptions provided for in Articles XI.189, XI.190, XI.191, XI.191/1, XI.191/2, XI.192(1)(2), XI.192/1 and XI.192/2 may be applied only if they do not conflict with a normal exploitation of the work or database and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the rightholder. |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | no | Copyright law: Article 52 | Not suitable for Commons because of non-commercial restriction at second clause: "(2) The works referred to in paragraph (1) of this Article shall not be reproduced in three-dimensional form, used for the same purpose as the original work or used for gaining economic advantage." A recent blog talks about the Bosnia and Herzegovinian FOP situation. |
Bulgaria | no | Copyright law (in Bulgarian): Article 24(1)(7.). Translation: "7. the use of works permanently displayed in streets, squares and other public places, without mechanical contact copying, as well as their transmission by wireless means or their transmission by cable or other technical means, if this is done for informational or other non-commercial purpose;" | |
Croatia | yes | Copyright law: Article 204 (page 73 in the provided English translation copy) | The Croatian FOP provision explictly limits to exterior architecture as well as presumably outdoor permanent works. All interior architecture and permanent works not covered. |
Cyprus | yes | Copyright law (in Greek; translatable WIPO Lex copy in Greek): Section 7(2)(c). Translation: "(c) the reproduction and distribution of copies of any artistic work permanently installed in a place where it can be viewed by the public;" | Seems to exclude literary-type works like memorial texts and commemorative markers. |
Czech Republic | yes | Copyright law (translatable WIPO Lex copy in Czech): Section 33(1). Translation: "(1) Anyone who records or expresses by drawing, painting or graphics, photography or film or otherwise a work which is permanently located in a square, street, park, public road or other public space, does not infringe with the copyright; the person who further uses the work expressed, captured or recorded in this way does not infringe with the copyright. If possible, the name of the author, if the work is not anonymous, or the name of the person under whose name the work is made public, as well as the name of the work and the location, must be given." | c:COM:FOP Czech Republic provides further information on Czech freedom of panorama, including the eligibility of different types of public spaces, whether indoors or outdoors. |
Denmark | partial | Copyright law (in Danish) Article 24(2–3). Translation: "2. Works of art may be depicted when they are permanently placed on or near a place or road accessible to the public. The provision in the first clause does not apply if the artwork is the main subject and the reproduction is used commercially. 3. Buildings may be freely depicted." (eLov copy of the provision, in Danish) | Architectural works are only covered in Danish FOP. Due to the lack of adequate FOP for other permanent works, the The Little Mermaid is still under posthumous copyright held by sculptor's current heirs, and various entities (mainly newspapers) have been slapped with fines from the sculptor's heirs: refer to the articles by The Local and by PetaPixel for more information. See also this Associated Press article for the latest case against a user of the famous statue (that user was Berlingske, the oldest newspaper of Denmark still in circulation); the case was concluded, with the Supreme Court ruling in favor of the newspaper on the grounds that the media outfit only exploited the statue for non-commercial, parody purpose. |
Estonia | no | Copyright law (WIPO Lex copies in Estonian and in English): Section 20¹. | Non-commercial freedom of panorama since it no longer applies "if the work is the main subject of the reproduction and it is intended to be used for direct commercial purposes." A strange exception (but obviously unfit for Commons) is provided by Section 20², permitting architectural FOP for use "in real estate advertisements." |
Finland | partial | Copyright law (in Finnish): Article 25(a). Translation: "Photographing a work of art is also permitted in situations other than those referred to in subsections 1 or 2, if the work of art is permanently placed in a public place or in its immediate vicinity. If the work of art is the main subject of the image, the image cannot be used commercially. However, a photograph with an accompanying text may be included in a newspaper or magazine....A building can be freely photographed." | Subsections 1 and 2 are about artistic works meant for display on exhibits only. Still the non-commercial FOP for non-architecture in Finland makes the country "partial FOP" only. |
France | no | Copyright law (in French): Chapter II, Article L122-5(11°). Translation: "11° Reproductions and representations of architectural works and sculptures, permanently placed on the public thoroughfare, made by natural persons, excluding any use of a commercial nature." |
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Georgia | no | Copyright law: Article 24 | |
Germany | yes | Copyright law: Article 59 (in German). Translation from Wikimedia Commons: "It shall be permissible to reproduce, by painting, drawing, photography or cinematography, works which are permanently located on public ways, streets or places and to distribute and publicly communicate such copies. For works of architecture, this provision shall be applicable only to the external appearance." |
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Greece | no | Copyright law: Article 26 | While somewhat vague, the wording "occasional reproduction and communication by the mass media" makes Greek FOP not suitable for Wikimedia Commons. |
Hungary | yes | Copyright law: Section 68(1) | |
Iceland | no | Copyright law (in Icelandic): Article 16. Translation: "It is permitted to take and publish photographs of buildings, as well as works of art, which have been permanently located in public outdoors. Now, a building that enjoys protection according to the rules concerning architecture, or such a work of art, as previously identified, is the main element of a photograph and used for commercial purpose, then the author is entitled for a fee, unless it is a newspaper photograph or television photograph." | Explicit restriction of use of public space works for non-commercial only; any commercial use is subject to remuneration to the architects, sculptors, or muralists of their works, or their heirs. Free use is only granted to users who engage in newspaper publication and television broadcasting. |
Ireland | yes | Copyright law: Section 93 | Follows British copyright law heritage, hence the Irish FOP is very similar to the British FOP. Most flat arts like murals and frescoes are not covered as a result. |
Italy | no |
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Latvia | no | Copyright law (in Latvian): Article 25(1–2). Translation: "(1) The representation of a work of architecture, photography, visual art, design, as well as applied art permanently displayed in public places may be used for personal use, information in news broadcasts or reviews of current events, or included in works for non-commercial purposes. (2) What is mentioned in this article does not apply to cases where the representation of the work is the object of further repetition of the work, broadcast to broadcasters or use of images of the work for commercial purposes." | |
Liechtenstein | yes | Copyright law (in German): Article 29. Translation: "Works on publicly-accessible ground. 1) A work that is permanently located on or on generally-accessible ground may be depicted; the image may be offered, sold, broadcast or otherwise distributed. 2) The image must not be three-dimensional, nor can it be used for the same purpose as the original." | |
Lithuania | no | Copyright law (in Lithuanian): Article 28(1.)(1)) Translation: "1. Without the permission of the author of the work or another subject of the copyright of this work and without royalties, but with indication, if possible, of the source used and the name of the author, it is allowed: 1) to reproduce and publicly announce architectural works and sculptures created to stand permanently in public places, except for the cases when they are exhibited in exhibitions and museums;..." The article features a non-commercial restriction at (2.): "The provision of paragraph 1, point 1 of this article does not apply when the architectural work or sculpture is the main object of representation in the reproduction and when this is done for direct or indirect commercial gain." | |
Luxembourg | no | Copyright law (in French): Article 10(7°). Translation: "7° the reproduction and communication of works located in a place accessible to the public, when these works are not the main subjects of the reproduction or communication." | More like de minimis, not freedom of panorama. |
Malta | yes | Copyright law: Article 9(1)(p) | |
Moldova | yes | Copyright law: Article 57(h) | Appears to lean towards EU standards, and is compatible for Commons. c:COM:FOP Moldova notes it was formerly a no-FOP country (inheriting non-commercial FOP of the former Soviet Union) until 2010. |
Monaco | no | Refer to both the copyright law (in French) and c:COM:FOP Monaco. | |
Montenegro | no | Copyright law: Article 55 | Non-commercial restriction: "The works referred to in Par. (1) of this Article may not be reproduced in a three-dimensional form, used for the same purpose as the original work, or used for direct or indirect economic advantage." Not OK for Commons. The Montenegrin FOP clause is bound for common provision for limitations and exceptions at Article 45, governing Berne three-step test and need for user to "indicate the source and authorship of the work, unless this is not possible." A recent amendment law from 2021 (English copy at WIPO Lex) did not alter the FOP provision in any way. |
Netherlands | yes | Copyright law: Article 18 (in Dutch). Translation per Wikimedia Commons: "It is not an infringement of copyright to reproduce and publish pictures of a work, as meant in article 10, first paragraph, under 6° or of an architectural work as meant in article 10, first paragraph, under 8°, which are made to be permanently located in public places, as long as the work is depicted as it is located in the public space. Where incorporation of a work in a compilation is concerned, not more than a few of the works of the same author may be included." | Dutch freedom of panorama only covers public space works that fall under two categories under Article 10(1) which defines terms: "drawings, paintings, works of architecture and sculpture, lithographs, engravings and the like" from 6° and "drafts, sketches and three-dimensional works relating to architecture" from 8° ("drafts, sketches and three-dimensional works relating to geography, topography or other sciences" are explicitly excluded). Also excluded from Dutch FOP are maps (listed at 7°), photographs (9°), applied art (11°), models (11°), and industrial blueprints and layouts (11°). |
North Macedonia | yes | Copyright law (in Macedonian): Article 52(1)(11). Translation: "(1) The use of an author's work without payment of compensation refers to the following cases: ... 11) using architectural and sculptural works permanently placed in public places (streets, squares, parks, etc.)" | Adequate enough for Wikimedia Commons despite limited only to architecture and sculptures. Somehow resembling EU standards. |
Norway | partial | Copyright law: §31 (in Norwegian). Translation: "Reproduction of works placed in the public space. A work can be depicted when it is permanently placed in or near a public place or road or equivalent publicly-accessible place. However, this does not apply when the work is clearly the main subject, and the reproduction is used commercially. Buildings can be freely depicted." | Just like Denmark and Finland, partial FOP for architecture only and not for copyrighted monuments. |
Poland | yes | Copyright law (in Polish): Article 33(1.). Translation: "Art. 33. It is allowed to distribute: (1.) works permanently displayed on generally-accessible roads, streets, squares or gardens, but not for the same use;" | |
Portugal | yes | Article 75(2.)(q.) | In-depth discussion on Portuguese FOP is provided by Lisbon-based Atty. Teresa Nobre for Communia, which can be accessed and read here. |
Romania | no | Copyright law (in Romanian): Article 35(1)(f) Translation: "f) reproduction, excluding any means that come into direct contact with the work, distribution or communication to the public of the image of a work of architecture, plastic art, photography or applied art, permanently placed in public places, except in cases where the image of the work is the primary subject of such reproduction, distribution or communication and whether it is used for commercial purposes;" | |
San Marino | no | c:COM:FOP San Marino | |
Serbia | yes | Copyright law: Article 51 | All limitations and exceptions to copyright as provided by the Serbian copyright law, including the FOP provision (Article 51), are bound for the common provision at Article 41, especially in terms of attribution to the author of the work. |
Slovakia | yes | Copyright law (in Slovak): Section 41(1). Translation: "(1) A person who, without the consent of the author, uses a work permanently placed in a public space by making a reproduction, public transmission or public dissemination by transfer of ownership right does not infringe on copyright. | Physical reproduction is not allowed as per second paragraph (Article 41(2)): "The provision of paragraph 1 does not apply to the creation of a reproduction of an architectural work by construction and to the public dissemination by paid transfer of the ownership right of a three-dimensional material reproduction of a work of visual art that does not take the form of an engraving or relief." |
Slovenia | no | Copyright law (in Slovenian): Article 55. Translation: "(1) Works that are permanently found in parks, on streets, in squares or in other generally accessible places are freely usable. (2) The use from the previous paragraph may not be performed in a three-dimensional form or for the same purpose as the original work or to achieve economic benefit. (3) In the cases referred to in the first paragraph of this article, the source and authorship of the work must be indicated, if it is indicated on the used work." | Images of copyrighted Slovenian architecture and monuments cannot be freely used in commercial or for-profit media, like newspapers and travel portals, as per Slovenian Wikipedia. |
Spain | yes | Copyright law (in Spanish): Article 35(2). Translation: "2. Works permanently located in parks, streets, squares or other public thoroughfares may be freely reproduced, distributed and communicated through paintings, drawings, photographs and audiovisual procedures." |
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Sweden | yes | Copyright law (in Swedish): Article 24. An unofficial English translation exists at the WIPO Lex database. Per that translation: "Article 24. Works of fine art may be reproduced in pictorial form: 1. if they are permanently located outdoors on, or at, a public place, 2. if the purpose is to advertise an exhibition or a sale of the works of fine art, but only to the extent necessary for the promotion of the exhibition or the sale, or 3. if they form part of a collection, in catalogues, however not in digital form.... Buildings may be freely reproduced in pictorial form." |
The status of Swedish FOP as it applies to Commons was put into jeopardy after the 2016 case in which the Swedish artists' society, Bildkonst Upphovsrätt i Sverige (or BUS), slapped Wikimedia Sweden with a lawsuit due to the latter's use of Commons photos of Swedish public space works in their website Offentlig Konst i Sverige, in which users could view where the public space works were found on a map, with links to Commons photos for such works. On-wiki and off-wiki this was talked about: on the forum page of Sweden's policy page at Commons, on Wikimedia's blog site Diff in 2016 (article by Michelle Paulson) and in 2017 (article by Atty. Jacob Rogers), and on BBC. But as per advice of Atty. Jacob Rogers at this Commons Village pump forum, the current uploads at Commons should still be retained with c:Template:FoP-Sweden permanently tagged on Swedish architecture and public art still under copyright. The template itself got nearly annihilated. See also: c:COM:FOP Sweden. |
Switzerland | yes | Copyright law: Article 27 | Per c:COM:FOP Switzerland, legal literatures there agree that most public indoors are not covered. Courtyards within private properties are still covered. Important condition is stated at the second paragraph of the article, that the depiction should not be in 3D form (such as small-scale models or dioramas of existing Swiss works and art) and should "not serve the same purpose as the original." |
Türkiye | yes | Copyright law (in Turkish, in English): Article 40 | Limited only to outdoor settings: public streets, avenues, and squares. Exterior architecture only, excluding interior architecture. |
Ukraine | no | Copyright law (WIPO Lex copy in English): Article 22(10). |
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United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | yes | Copyright law: Section 62 | See also c:COM:FOP United Kingdom. In British freedom of panorama, most flat arts like murals and frescoes are not covered. Works of artistic craftsmanship are 2D works made by artisans and craftsmen, like pottery, textiles, mosaics, and stained glass artworks of cathedrals and churches. |
References
[edit]- ↑ "Why you could be violating copyright law by taking selfies at Los Lagartos". KVIA ABC-7. February 27, 2017.
- ↑ Shtefan, Anna (2019). "FREEDOM OF PANORAMA: THE EU EXPERIENCE" (PDF). European Journal of Legal Studies II.