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Wiki99/chemistry

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This is the Wiki99 list for important concepts and topics of interest in chemistry.

About

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Wiki99 is the idea to have a list of about 99 Wikipedia articles which should be translated into as many languages as possible in order to establish common understanding in a field.

If the Wikipedia articles have at least been started, then access them in available languages by clicking through.

Translations start with structured data translation in Wikidata, then proceed to translation of prose in Wikipedia.

Wiki99 list by topic

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Orientation to chemistry

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Wikipedia articles
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Wikidata item
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1chemistrybranch of physical science concerned with the composition, structure and properties of matter141Q2329213
2laboratoryfacility that provides controlled conditions in which scientific or technological research, experiments, and measurement may be performed81Q48324272
3experimentscientific procedure carried out to support, refute, or validate a hypothesis79Q10196571
Σautolist gallery332113131333331113313133313333313311323231111113332321312233222123121331111133133213113313331212313333311132332133233321313311323311331113133301avg.:  2 \ 100
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356

Basic concepts

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1atomsmallest unit of a chemical element139Q9121145
2chemical elementspecies of atoms having the same number of protons in the atomic nucleus and the same chemical properties, but not necessarily the same mass, or the same stability (or half-lifetime if they are unstable)127Q11344193
3moleculesmallest possibile amount of a chemical substance123Q1136991
4electronsubatomic particle with negative charge118Q2225231
5protonsubatomic particle with positive charge115Q2294262
6acidchemical compound giving a proton or accepting an electron pair112Q11158101
7atomic numbernumber of protons found in the nucleus of an atom110Q23809102
8neutronnucleon (constituent of the nucleus of the atom) that has neutral electric charge (no charge); symbol n106Q2348343
9thermodynamicsbranch of physics concerned with heat, work, temperature, and thermal or internal energy101Q11473154
10basechemical substance that can react with an acid, accepting hydrogen ions (protons) or more generally, donating a pair of valence electrons99Q1119371
11chemical bondlasting attraction between atoms that enables the formation of chemical compounds94Q4442461
12chemical formulacompact notation for chemical compounds giving element symbols and counts, including empirical formulas, molecular formulas, and condensed formulas88Q8314761
13catalysisprocess of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction77Q82264101
14oxidation numbernumber that describes degree of oxidation of an atom in a chemical compound; the hypothetical charge that an atom would have if all bonds to atoms of different elements were fully ionic73Q48415271
15electron configurationmode of arrangement of electrons in different shells of an atom67Q5385951
16buffer solutionaqueous solution consisting of a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base, which resists (to a limited degree) pH change when a strong acid or base is added51Q20846551
Σautolist gallery1616153121671511814161611016163151161314151616161616164161571691641641067331616161515141116411315161510151551216711314131128411516516151211153111416101613131052151612716101616759516111614561216111612161291511131619516151516241351571271521681,600avg.:  10 \ 100
(61 %)
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Less basic concepts

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1metalelement, compound, or alloy that is a good conductor of both electricity and heat119Q11426132
2chemical reactionprocess that results in the interconversion of chemical species103Q3653492
3radioactivityprocess by which an unstable atom emits radiation97Q1144893
4saltionic compound composed of cations and anions92Q1237081
5batteryassembly of one or more electrochemical cells, used to provide devices with stored electrical energy94Q267298153
6moleSI unit of amount of substance90Q41509111
7nonmetalchemical elements which tend to localize their valence electrons rather than forming a metallic material86Q1960051
8covalent bondchemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms85Q12792041
9organic compoundchemical compound that contains carbon atoms (with a few exceptions traditionally classified as inorganic compounds)83Q1742116
10redoxchemical reaction involving reduction and oxidation of different species78Q8268292
11ionic bondchemical bond involving electron transfer76Q6250051
12Archimedes' principlelaw of physics fundamental to fluid mechanics73Q18140471
13enthalpymeasure of energy in a thermodynamic system; thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the total heat content of a system65Q161064132
14hydrogen bondform of association between an electronegative atom and a hydrogen atom attached to a second, relatively electronegative atom68Q16932431
15ideal gas lawequation of state of a hypothetical ideal gas64Q1917857
16chemical equilibriumstate in which both reactants and products are present in concentrations which have no further tendency to change with time.There are no net changes in the concentrations of the reactant(s) and product(s). Such a state is known as dynamic equilibrium62Q18952062
17History of atomic theoryhistory of scientific theory that views matter as made up of atoms of chemical elements57Q2105535
18exothermic reactionchemical reaction that releases energy by light or heat; opposite of an endothermic reaction55Q20594941
19acid–base reactionchemical reaction49Q3787515
Σautolist gallery191717181931715417181913171911318141218191817191819219191119414317342313191916131616719161017195161731019237831521315317181181721015194181612931131711418811919213171417173415188198198318111119521914141928117275181931,496avg.:  9 \ 79
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Tools and techniques

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1spectroscopymeasurement and interpretation of interactions between matter and electromagnetic radiation of varying frequencies75Q483666102
2mortar and pestleequipment consisting of a bowl in which substances are ground using a pestle68Q1834185082
3electrophoresisusing an electrical potential to move material through a defined matrix in order to separate it by its resistance to movement and its charge55Q18509862
4stoichiometryca