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Wiki99/agriculture

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This is the Wiki99 list for topics about agriculture

About

[edit]

Wiki99 is the idea to have a list of about 99 Wikipedia articles which should be translated into as many languages as possible in order to establish common understanding in a field.

If the Wikipedia articles have at least been started, then access them in available languages by clicking through.

Translations start with structured data translation in Wikidata, then proceed to translation of prose in Wikipedia.

Wiki99 list

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Basic concepts

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1agriculturecultivation of plants and animals to provide useful products136Q11451265
2fruitbotanical term for the mature ovary or ovaries of one or more flowers. For foods commonly known as fruit, use Q3314483124Q1364142
3cereal grainfruits (grains) of cereal crops used for food and agricultural products109Q12117113
4farmerperson engaged in agriculture, raising living organisms for food or raw materials93Q131512163
5farmarea of land for farming, or, for aquaculture, lake, river or sea, including various structures86Q131596132
6tuberplant's underground storage organ formed by the swelling of an underground stem which produces buds and stores photosynthate metabolites/nutrients, forming a seasonal perennating organ, e.g. a potato69Q18331972
7rhizomeunderground stem in which various plants asexually reproduce via budding.70Q18420863
8tillagepreparation of soil by mechanical agitation64Q87833391
9soil fertilitythe ability of a soil to sustain agricultural plant growth41Q2020804
10seedembryonic plant enclosed in a protective outer covering (seed coat)103Q4076372
11transplantyoung plant produced from a seedling to be transplanted into other soil9Q22750012
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(50 %)
11523

Specialized domains

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1animal husbandrybranch of agriculture concerned with animals that are raised for meat, fiber, milk, or other products92Q80962101
2beekeepingcare and breeding of honey bees85Q17635392
3forestryscience and craft of creating, managing, using, conserving and repairing forests, woodlands, and associated resources for human and environmental benefits74Q38112133
4aquaculturefarming things in water, primarily intended as a food source60Q188989171
5fish farmingraising fish commercially in tanks or enclosures such as fish ponds, usually for food59Q209894111
6arboricultureall measures on tree and tree environment to avoid undesirable developments and to maintain the vitality of a tree30Q1272134
7market gardenrelatively small-scale production of fruits, vegetables and flowers as cash crops18Q1439703
Σautolist gallery7641364545562137253157467661661713522555145511376143374511651422251152633246326236155433616154144355625523456418avg.:  3 \ 60
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678

Plant crops

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1maizespecies of grass cultivated as a food crop137Q11575284
2tomatotype of plant species with edible, often red, berry fruit129Q23501263
3ricestaple food grain of Oryza and Zizania species, for the plant see Q161426124Q5090123
4Allium sativumspecies of plant (for the food, use Q21546392)124Q23400223
5Onionspecies of plant123Q23485202
6Citrus × limonnothospecies of plant119Q500214
7potatospecies of plant (for the food, use Q16587531)121Q10998263
8Hordeum vulgarespecies of plant119Q11577182
9Solanum melongenaspecies of plant114Q7540233
10watermelonspecies of plant115Q17507129263
11Cucumis sativusspecies of plant in the Cucurbitaceae gourd family114Q23425223
12Pisum sativumspecies of plant106Q25237223
13soybeanspecies of plant in the Fabaceae family107Q11006243
14Olea europaeaolive plant, species of plant used as food108Q37083213
15wheatwidely cultivated cereal grain109Q15645384153
16Prunus persicaspecies of fruit tree (for the fruit use Q13202263)105Q13189223
17Secale cerealespecies of plant101Q12099192
18Raphanus sativusspecies of plant96Q7224565213
19Foeniculum vulgarespecies of plant, fennel (for the herb use Q104005460)95Q43511213
20common sunflowerspecies of flowering plant in the family of Asteraceae97Q171497232
21Prunus armeniacaspecies of plant; the apricot90Q37453213
22carrotroot vegetable, plant of the Apiaceae family98Q81142
23MorusGenus of plants89Q44789162
24Lens culinarisspecies of plant86Q131226142
25Manihot esculentaspecies of flowering plant in the spurge family Euphorbiaceae85Q83124222
26Cucumis melospecies of plant86Q81602203
27Brassica oleracea var. botrytisvegetable in the species Brassica oleracea commonly called cauliflower82Q7537162
28Fagopyrum esculentumspecies of flowering plant in the family Polygonaceae80Q132734182
29Camellia sinensisspecies of plant79Q101815213
30Fragariagenus of plants76Q745183
31turniproot vegetable75Q391695773
32Vitisgenus of grape-producing plants71Q191019142
33Juglans regiaspecies of plant69Q46871255
34Citrus sinensisplants of plant, cultivated sweet oranges67Q3355098173
35beetcultivar group of the beet plant (no colour indication)53Q165437142
36haydried grass, legumes or other herbaceous plants used as animal fodder73Q336989102
37Sorghum bicolorspecies of plant74Q332062202
38Musagenus of plants69Q8666090133
39Coffeagenus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae69Q156354142
40milletfood grain71Q25943851
41Mangifera indicaspecies of plant62Q3919027203
42Prunus domesticaspecies of plant in the rose family (Rosaceae)65Q44120203
43bell peppergroup of fruits of Capsicum annuum59Q154803092
44beanseed of several plants in the legume family62Q379813101
45Nicotiana tabacumspecies of plant57Q181095183
46Pyrus communisspecies of plant57Q146281223
47zucchiniEdible summer squash, typically green in colour, vegetable49Q753392
48Cucurbita maximafamily of winter squash43Q161180172
49Prunus subg. Cerasussubgenus of fruit plants36Q2946681112
50mustard plantplants used for mustard33Q3007652
51leaf vegetableplant leaves eaten as a vegetable36Q2013461
52Malus pumilaspecies of apple tree14Q158657191
Σautolist gallery52413227355115363439273945340252132491323023492931424817138464947498513469350736945181319191914414045264631194816223345250362853093252192492645233179347463233382524442252545294946396123826463422492744351152119324331741341213304522447303936274128344822512150333350424425442251047185164,378avg.:  27 \ 84
(52 %)
917132

Livestock

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1horsedomesticated four-footed mammal from the equine family137Q726337
2sheepdomesticated ruminant bred for meat, wool, and milk129Q7368225
3cattlelarge, domesticated, cloven-hooved herbivores140Q830287
4goatdomesticated mammal raised for its meat and milk124Q2934242
5Camelusgenus of mammals121Q7375215
6pigdomesticated omnivorous even-toed ungulate124Q787227
7Rangifer tarandusspecies of deer90Q39624244
8Lama glamaspecies of mammal84Q42569223
9Camelus dromedariuslargest living camelid77Q71516234
10livestockdomesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting to produce commodities such as food, fiber and labor84Q10345981
11donkeyequine with long ears3Q353777893
Σautolist gallery109979105965981010397107104861011991069101010103101036115971077335510910810981021010101109849610685610355591091099810486106101010339610971072191043463106101077810710897499105151089105793103751031041,113avg.:  7 \ 101
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23648

Poultry and barnyard species

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1chickendomesticated bird kept by humans primarily as a food source132Q780287
2rabbitmammals of the family Leporidae96Q9394121
3MeleagrisNorth American genus of large birds98Q43794162
4guinea pigdomesticated rodent from South America89Q79803204
5quailname for several genera of birds in the order Galliformes42Q607258452
6Struthiogenus of birds51Q257633771
7domesticated pigeonsubspecies of pigeon32Q20417991
8pheasantbird in family Phasianidae31Q21416952
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10220

Insects

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1Apis melliferaspecies of insect70Q30034254
2sericultureprocess of silk production51Q864650112
Σautolist gallery221222121122112122122221111212121122211121211111111121111211222221211111112221121122121avg.:  1 \ 61
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366

Aquatic species

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1troutnumber of species of freshwater fish59Q225888171
2oystersalt-water bivalve mollusc55Q107411123
3salmoncommon idea of a fish in the trout family49Q279676671
4shrimpdecapod crustaceans41Q1517781112
5musselmembers of several families of clams or bivalve mollusks21Q1304283462
6froginformal grouping of amphibians15Q311651071
Σautolist gallery563151322336112224145245212553312213215323431124113112121422213231121534111133111423352153221515240avg.:  1 \ 40
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5010

Products for the global market

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1cottonplant fiber from the genus Gossypium114Q11457113
2woodfibrous material from trees or other plants113Q287173
3silkfine, lustrous, natural fiber produced by the larvae of various silk moths, especially the species Bombyx mori97Q37681122
4woolnatural fibre from the soft hair of sheep or other mammals103Q4232982
5leatherdurable and flexible material created by the tanning of animal rawhide and skin85Q286111
6biofuelfuel that is produced through contemporary biological processes, as opposed to fossil fuel that was produced by prehistoric bio-geological processes79Q12899131
7ornamental plantplant that is grown for decorative purposes57Q19918251
8jutebast fiber from the genus Corchorus50Q10721192
9linentextile made from spun flax fiber45Q142632752
10natural rubberpolymers of the organic compound isoprene, with minor impurities of other organic compounds; refined from latex harvested from rubber trees44Q13187771
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8818

Tools and equipment

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1ploughtool and farm implement for turning the soil, containing one or more sharp iron parts, pulled by livestock or a tractor106Q11464114
2tractorengineering vehicle specifically designed to deliver a high tractive effort101Q3949582
3agricultural irrigationartificial application of water to cultivated land100Q11453112
4greenhousebuilding in which plants are grown80Q16504482
5combine harvestermachine that harvests grain crops63Q26886103
6silostructure for storing bulk materials46Q21364372
Σautolist gallery6631462514356434614624666665666624362311365655265566324362124533165355256326366326651636614535411462636433136264564463561496avg.:  3 \ 83
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5515

Attrezzo agricolo essenziale

(i) Attrezzatura per la lavorazione del terreno (i) Aratro: "Aratro" si riferisce a un attrezzo agricolo utilizzato per rivoltare e allentare il terreno, principalmente per prepararlo alla semina dei raccolti. Questi strumenti sono stati fondamentali per l’agricoltura per migliaia di anni e si sono evoluti in modo significativo nel tempo. Ecco alcune informazioni sugli aratri:

(1) Storia dell'aratro: l'aratro è la prima e più importante invenzione agricola della storia umana. Si ritiene che l'aratro sia stato sviluppato in Mesopotamia intorno al 3.000 a.C., sebbene strumenti simili potrebbero essere stati utilizzati prima in altre regioni. Inizialmente gli aratri erano normali bastoni da scavo o cani di legno trainati da uomini o animali da tiro.

(2) Tipi di aratri: nel corso dei secoli sono stati sviluppati diversi tipi di aratri per adattarsi a diversi terreni, tipi di terreno e pratiche agricole. Alcuni tipi comuni includono:

(a) Aratro a versoio: questo è uno dei tipi di aratro più comuni e tradizionali. È costituito da una piastra metallica curva (versoio) che rotola sul terreno e seppellisce le erbacce o i residui del raccolto mentre si sposta sul campo.

(b) Aratro a scalpello: gli aratri a scalpello hanno denti lunghi con lame affilate e appuntite che penetrano nel terreno senza girarlo completamente. Sono spesso utilizzati per rompere il terreno compattato e migliorare il drenaggio.

(c) Aratro a disco: un aratro a disco è costituito da una serie di dischi metallici concavi che tagliano e ruotano il terreno. È particolarmente utile in aree con detriti pesanti o terreno sassoso.

(d) Ripuntatore: i ripuntatori sono progettati per rompere gli strati duri sotto la superficie, migliorando la penetrazione delle radici e il drenaggio.

(e) Aratro di conservazione: questo aratro è progettato per ridurre l'erosione del suolo e conservare l'umidità. Disturbano meno il terreno rispetto agli aratri convenzionali e lasciano residui colturali sulla superficie.

(3) Importanza dell'aratro: l'aratro ha svolto un ruolo importante nell'aumento della produttività agricola nel corso della storia. Girando e aerando il terreno, creano letti di semina migliori per la semina, migliorano la disponibilità dei nutrienti e aiutano a controllare le erbe infestanti. Ciò, a sua volta, porta a rese agricole più elevate e a un uso più efficiente del territorio.

(4) Aratri moderni: nell'agricoltura moderna, gli aratri sono diventati più sofisticati e sono spesso montati su trattori o altre macchine agricole, aumentandone l'efficienza e la facilità d'uso. Alcuni aratri moderni sono dotati anche di tecnologia GPS, che consente operazioni sul campo precise ed efficienti.

(5) Aratro in contesti culturali: l'aratro è significativo non solo in agricoltura ma anche in contesti culturali e letterari. È spesso associato al duro lavoro, alla perseveranza e all'avvio della cultura. La frase "rompere il terreno con l'aratro" è talvolta usata metaforicamente per iniziare una nuova impresa o esplorare un nuovo territorio.

(6) Considerazioni ambientali: sebbene gli aratri siano fondamentali nell’agricoltura, le moderne pratiche agricole sostenibili spesso danno priorità al minimo disturbo del suolo per ridurre l’erosione e mantenere la salute del suolo. Di conseguenza, in alcuni sistemi agricoli stanno diventando sempre più popolari metodi di lavorazione conservativa che prevedono meno operazioni di lavorazione.

Nel complesso, l’aratro è stato parte integrante dello sviluppo dell’agricoltura e ha svolto un ruolo importante nel plasmare la civiltà umana consentendo una produzione alimentare efficiente.

Agricultural technics

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1fertilizermaterial of natural or synthetic origin (other than liming materials) applied to soils or to plants to supply essential nutrients95Q8332361
2organic agriculturefarming method that avoids synthetic inputs, at the cost of lower yields and higher labor demands compared to conventional agriculture76Q16564772
3manureorganic matter, mostly derived from animal feces, used as agricultural fertilizer67Q18571681
4hydroponicsagricultural technics for growing plants without soil using nutrients in water64Q191667201
5compostrich, moist soil composted from food scraps69Q21225482
6graftinghorticultural technique whereby tissues of plants are joined so as to continue their growth together58Q22295841
7crop rotationpractice of growing a series of dissimilar or different types of crops in the same area in sequenced seasons53Q19125841
8cuttingpiece of a plant that is used in horticulture for vegetative (asexual) propagation37Q17698221
9polycultureform of agriculture which includes simultaneous planting of several crops on the same plot25Q273913351
Σautolist gallery9851392315375523918426788999989381611884146942388555159154264565659237484459139267144462373738534191826841439544avg.:  3 \ 60
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6411

Science and applied technologies

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1agronomyscience and technology of producing and using plants for food, fuel, fiber, and reclamation86Q17311391
2pesticidesubstance used to destroy pests84Q131656111
3artificial selectionprocess by which humans use animal and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits62Q99574551
4weather forecastingapplication of science and technology to predict the conditions of the atmosphere for a given location and time63Q18286852
5Green Revolutionperiod of high agricultural technology transfer in the 1950s and 1960s60Q18605071
6food preservationinhibition of microbial growth in food58Q17351482
7glyphosatechemical compound50Q407232161
8agricultural scienceacademic field about agriculture and farming40Q36068458
9plant nutritionphysiologic study of the chemical elements and compounds necessary for the metabolism and normal life of plants32Q9027334
10integrated pest managementapproach for economic control of pests26Q5253092
11genetically modified cropsplants used in agriculture, the DNA of which has been modified using genetic engineering techniques27Q15034772
Σautolist gallery11942111571458131031101811610119811711014613289534611122510944812105545137839256493381114102611125865158392102291483103391141710588avg.:  4 \ 53
(33 %)
779

Society and culture

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1permacultureagriculture practices using few energy resources and human intervention58Q457292
2fair tradetrade arrangement prioritizing the well-being of workers54Q18848563
3intensive farmingvarious types of agriculture that involve higher levels of input and output per unit of agricultural land area51Q114848251
4history of agricultureaspect of history48Q95208082
5food securitycondition related to the supply and availability of food, and individuals' access to it46Q122991182
6Columbian Exchangebiological exchange across Atlantic Ocean39Q76725331
7urban agricultureagriculture in urban environments33Q1194826102
8sustainable agriculturefarming relying on ecosystem services for maintenance41Q275105471
9agricultural economicsapplied field of economics that optimizes the production of food and fiber for agricultural development31Q3963405
10environmental impacts of animal agricultureoverview about the environmental impact of animal agriculture, especially meat production26Q128846572
11environmental impact of agricultureagriculture's impact on the environment.20Q53812365
Σautolist gallery116411114325101113713391681159119113516974235114231091131191621263166911551611793323336662239929111611447avg.:  3 \ 41
(25 %)
7316
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Wikipedia articles
Description on Wikidataensim
ple
afamanarasastavayazbabebgbmbnbobrbscacechckbcocscvcydadedvdzeeeleoeseteuextfafffifjfofrfygagdglgngswgugvhahakhehihrhthuhyiaidieigioisitiujajvkakgkkklkmknkokskukwkylalblglilnloltlvmgmkmlmnmrmsmtmynannbnenlnnnyocomorospapiplpnbpsptqurmrnrorurwsascsdseshsiskslsnsosqsrstsusvswtatetgthtitktltrtstttwugukuruzvivowawarwowuuxhyiyoyuezazhzuΣ
Wikidata item
st.
c:
1global warmingchange in the statistical distribution of weather patterns for an extended period103Q7942207
2floodoverflow of water that submerges land that is usually dry115Q8068188
3droughtextended period when a region notes a deficiency in its water supply91Q43059122
4wildfireuncontrolled fire of natural, accidental or criminal origin, which spreads over a natural or agricultural area covered by combustible vegetation55Q169950132
5deforestationremoval of forest and conversion of the land to non-forest use79Q169940226
6desertificationland degradation in which an area becomes a desert, losing its bodies of water, flora, and fauna, caused by climate change, overexploitation of soil, or other causes69Q183481102
7water pollutioncontamination of water bodies69Q183129123
8eutrophicationecosystem response to the introduction or addition of substances59Q15669861
9heat waveprolonged period of excessively hot weather59Q215864112
10soil salinizationSoil salinization happens when the salt content in soil increases above normal, naturally occurring levels37Q75483651
11effects of climate changedescribes the effects created by human caused climate change38Q143054883
12soil erosionwashing or blowing away of the top layer of soil26Q88950381
13land degradationprocess in which the value of the biophysical environment is affected by a combination of human-induced processes acting upon the land22Q349777851
14effects of climate change on agriculturea chance for advancements and challenges to African agriculture through its effects on precipitation and average temperatures, and its influence on the effectiveness of agricultural intensification measures.23Q46593241
Σautolist gallery14117231437183710102251216126481311913111013111110591823559117610931353610133569132117511137961093694586117713710491331111122131676102269211711636158213651342942101141845avg.:  5 \ 60
(37 %)
15440

Other challenges

[edit]
Image
Wikipedia articles
Description on Wikidataensim
ple
afamanarasastavayazbabebgbmbnbobrbscacechckbcocscvcydadedvdzeeeleoeseteuextfafffifjfofrfygagdglgngswgugvhahakhehihrhthuhyiaidieigioisitiujajvkakgkkklkmknkokskukwkylalblglilnloltlvmgmkmlmnmrmsmtmynannbnenlnnnyocomorospapiplpnbpsptqurmrnrorurwsascsdseshsiskslsnsosqsrstsusvswtatetgthtitktltrtstttwugukuruzvivowawarwowuuxhyiyoyuezazhzuΣ
Wikidata item
st.
c:
1insectclass of arthropods129Q1390275
2anthraxinfection caused by Bacillus anthracis bacteria83Q129104182
3pest controlgroup of methods to control some species that are harmful to health, economy or ecology38Q230604710
4mildewfungus habit18Q122020742
Σautolist gallery432124121312322141212123423423143131313111133212413122332213331133121112122123213132122124124133111131221232322122112423233121211213268avg.:  2 \ 67
(41 %)
599

See also

[edit]