Wiki99/agriculture

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This is the Wiki99 list for topics about agriculture

About[edit]

Wiki99 is the idea to have a list of about 99 Wikipedia articles which should be translated into as many languages as possible in order to establish common understanding in a field.

If the Wikipedia articles have at least been started, then access them in available languages by clicking through.

Translations start with structured data translation in Wikidata, then proceed to translation of prose in Wikipedia.

Wiki99 list[edit]

Basic concepts[edit]

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1agriculturecultivation of plants and animals to provide useful products136Q11451243
2fruitbotanical term for the mature ovary or ovaries of one or more flowers. For foods commonly known as fruit, use Q3314483124Q1364121
3cereal grainfruits (grains) of cereal crops used for food and agricultural products105Q12117102
4farmerperson engaged in agriculture, raising living organisms for food or raw materials88Q131512132
5farmarea of land for farming, or, for aquaculture, lake, river or sea, including various structures82Q13159691
6tuberplant's underground storage organ formed by the swelling of an underground stem which produces buds and stores photosynthate metabolites/nutrients, forming a seasonal perennating organ, e.g. a potato67Q18331972
7rhizomeunderground stem in which various plants asexually reproduce via budding.68Q18420863
8tillagepreparation of soil by mechanical agitation62Q87833381
9soil fertilitythe ability of a soil to sustain agricultural plant growth40Q2020804
10seedembryonic plant enclosed in a protective outer covering (seed coat)100Q4076372
11transplantyoung plant produced from a seedling to be transplanted sur un autre sol9Q22750012
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(49 %)
10217

Specialized domains[edit]

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1animal husbandrybranch of agriculture concerned with animals that are raised for meat, fiber, milk, or other products88Q80962101
2beekeepingcare and breeding of honey bees82Q176353122
3forestryscience and craft of creating, managing, using, conserving and repairing forests, woodlands, and associated resources for human and environmental benefits71Q38112153
4aquaculturefarming things in water, primarily intended as a food source58Q188989141
5fish farmingraising fish commercially in tanks or enclosures such as fish ponds, usually for food57Q20989491
6arboricultureall measures on tree and tree environment to avoid undesirable developments and to maintain the vitality of a tree29Q1272134
7market gardenrelatively small-scale production of fruits, vegetables and flowers as cash crops17Q1439703
Σautolist gallery764136453555213753157467661661713522545455137613334451164142125115263324632623615543361615444355624522456402avg.:  2 \ 57
(35 %)
678

Plant crops[edit]

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1maizespecies of grass cultivated as a food crop133Q11575273
2tomatotype of plant species with edible, often red, berry fruit126Q23501243
3ricestaple grain of Oryza and Zizania species125Q5090133
4Garlic (allium sativum)species of plant (for the food, use Q21546392)123Q23400223
5Allium cepaspecies of plant121Q23485202
6Citrus × limonnothospecies of plant118Q500194
7potatospecies of plant (for the food, use Q16587531)117Q10998263
8Hordeum vulgarespecies of plant116Q11577182
9Solanum melongenaspecies of plant113Q7540233
10Citrullus lanatusspecies of plant112Q17507129253
11Cucumis sativusspecies of plant in the Cucurbitaceae gourd family112Q23425213
12peaspecies of plant, vegetable105Q25237213
13Glycine maxspecies of plant in the Fabaceae family105Q11006223
14Olea europaeaolive plant, species of plant used as food103Q37083203
15wheatwidely cultivated cereal grain105Q15645384143
16peachspecies of fruit tree (for the fruit use Q13202263)101Q13189223
17Secale cerealespecies of plant97Q12099192
18radishspecies of plant96Q7224565213
19Foeniculum vulgarespecies of plant, fennel (for the herb use Q104005460)94Q43511213
20common sunflowerspecies of flowering plant in the family of Asteraceae94Q171497232
21Prunus armeniacaspecies of plant; the apricot90Q37453213
22carrottaproot of vegetables of the species Daucus carota, usually orange in color90Q81122
23Morusgenus of plants87Q44789152
24Lens culinarisspecies of plant86Q131226142
25Manihot Esculentaspecies of flowering plant in the spurge family Euphorbiaceae83Q83124212
26Cucumis melospecies of plant85Q81602203
27Brassica oleracea var. botrytisvegetable in the species Brassica oleracea commonly called cauliflower81Q7537162
28Fagopyrum esculentumspecies of flowering plant in the family Polygonaceae78Q132734182
29Camellia sinensisspecies of plant77Q101815213
30strawberriesgenus of plants74Q745162
31turniproot vegetable75Q391695773
32Vitisgenus of grape-producing plants69Q191019132
33Juglans regiaspecies of plant68Q46871245
34Citrus × sinensisplants of plant, cultivated sweet oranges67Q3355098173
35beetcultivar group of the beet plant (no colour indication)52Q165437132
36haydried grass, legumes or other herbaceous plants used as animal fodder70Q336989102
37Sorghum bicolorspecies of plant70Q332062202
38Musagenus of plants66Q8666090122
39Coffeagenus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae66Q156354132
40milletfood grain69Q25943851
41Mangifera indicaspecies of plant61Q3919027193
42Prunus domesticaspecies of plant in the rose family (Rosaceae)62Q44120173
43bell peppergroup of fruits of Capsicum annuum58Q154803092
44beanseed of one of several genera of the flowering plant family Fabaceae, which are used for human or animal food59Q37981391
45Nicotiana tabacumspecies of plant56Q181095173
46Pyrus communisspecies of plant55Q146281203
47zucchiniEdible summer squash, typically green in colour, vegetable44Q753351
48Cucurbita maximafamily of winter squash42Q161180172
49Prunus subg. Cerasussubgenus of fruit plants35Q2946681112
50mustard plantplants used for mustard33Q3007652
51leaf vegetableplant leaves eaten as a vegetable37Q2013451
52Malus pumilaspecies of apple tree14Q158657161
Σautolist gallery5241312736519362442273945339242232481322818472331424817136454947498513477350736945161319191714413743264631194815223146249362852893252824925452231793474530334022224322425442950463911139254635224827443511421192643214403211132945224630393727402834431241214933334942242443225946185154,275avg.:  26 \ 82
(50 %)
879128

Livestock[edit]

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1horsedomesticated four-footed mammal from the equine family137Q726327
2sheepdomesticated ruminant bred for meat, wool, and milk127Q7368184
3cattlelarge, domesticated, cloven-hooved herbivores125Q830256
4goatdomesticated mammal raised primarily for its milk122Q2934233
5Camelusgenus of mammals121Q7375195
6pigdomesticated omnivorous even-toed ungulate120Q787197
7Rangifer tarandusspecies of deer91Q39624224
8Lama glamaspecies of mammal83Q42569223
9dromedarylargest living camelid76Q71516224
10livestockdomesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting to produce commodities such as food, fiber and labor77Q10345981
11donkeyequine with long ears2Q353777873
Σautolist gallery1099791059648810103971071048510789106910101010310102611597107723441091081098101109101109839161047561025469101099771038610610101036510971072191043453106101077810710897699105141089105792103751031021,081avg.:  7 \ 98
(60 %)
21747

Poultry and barnyard species[edit]

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1chickendomesticated bird kept by humans primarily as a food source129Q780226
2rabbitmammals of the family Leporidae94Q9394122
3Meleagrisgenus of large ground-feeding birds native to the Americas94Q43794142
4Guinea-pigdomesticated rodent from South America88Q79803194
5quailname for several genera of birds in the order Galliformes41Q607258442
6Struthiogenus of birds43Q257633761
7domesticated pigeonbreed of domesticated bird30Q20417971
8pheasantbird in family Phasianidae29Q21416921
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(42 %)
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Insects[edit]

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1Apis melliferaspecies of insect68Q30034244
2sericultureprocess of silk production47Q864650112
Σautolist gallery221222121221122212222111121221222111212111111112111121122222121111112221121122115avg.:  1 \ 58
(35 %)
356

Aquatic species[edit]

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1troutnumber of species of freshwater fish59Q225888171
2oystersalt-water bivalve mollusc53Q107411103
3salmoncommon idea of a fish in the trout family45Q279676661
4shrimpdecapod crustaceans35Q1517781113
5musselmembers of several families of clams or bivalve mollusks20Q1304283452
6froginformal grouping of amphibians11Q311651051
Σautolist gallery5631513213361122241352452125533221321532243112411311121422213231121533111231131333215322414223avg.:  1 \ 37
(23 %)
4411

Products for the global market[edit]

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1cottonplant fiber from the genus Gossypium113Q11457103
2woodfibrous material from trees or other plants109Q287163
3silkfine, lustrous, natural fiber produced by the larvae of various silk moths, especially the species Bombyx mori96Q37681112
4woolnatural fibre from the soft hair of sheep or other mammals99Q4232982
5leatherdurable and flexible material created by the tanning of animal rawhide and skin81Q286101
6biofuelfuel that is produced through contemporary biological processes, as opposed to fossil fuel that was produced by prehistoric bio-geological processes76Q12899131
7ornamental plantplant that is grown for decorative purposes56Q19918241
8jutebast fiber from the genus Corchorus45Q10721192
9linentextile made from spun flax fiber41Q142632752
10natural rubberpolymers of the organic compound isoprene, with minor impurities of other organic compounds; refined from latex harvested from rubber trees40Q13187761
Σautolist gallery10972410362757885784186791078998210811104747334221897597493771085757931553429845102681837297611710837591047387337814951085524931966922518471102756avg.:  5 \ 76
(46 %)
8218

Tools and equipment[edit]

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1ploughtool and farm implement103Q11464104
2tractorengineering vehicle specifically designed to deliver a high tractive effort98Q3949582
3irrigationartificial application of water to cultivated land100Q1145392
4greenhousebuilding in which plants are grown79Q16504482
5combine harvestermachine that harvests grain crops59Q2688693
6silostructure for storing bulk materials46Q21364392
Σautolist gallery6621462514356434614624666665666624362311164654265566324361124533165155245326366326651636614535411462636433126264564463561485avg.:  3 \ 81
(50 %)
5315

Attrezzo agricolo essenziale

(i) Attrezzatura per la lavorazione del terreno (i) Aratro: "Aratro" si riferisce a un attrezzo agricolo utilizzato per rivoltare e allentare il terreno, principalmente per prepararlo alla semina dei raccolti. Questi strumenti sono stati fondamentali per l’agricoltura per migliaia di anni e si sono evoluti in modo significativo nel tempo. Ecco alcune informazioni sugli aratri:

(1) Storia dell'aratro: l'aratro è la prima e più importante invenzione agricola della storia umana. Si ritiene che l'aratro sia stato sviluppato in Mesopotamia intorno al 3.000 a.C., sebbene strumenti simili potrebbero essere stati utilizzati prima in altre regioni. Inizialmente gli aratri erano normali bastoni da scavo o cani di legno trainati da uomini o animali da tiro.

(2) Tipi di aratri: nel corso dei secoli sono stati sviluppati diversi tipi di aratri per adattarsi a diversi terreni, tipi di terreno e pratiche agricole. Alcuni tipi comuni includono:

(a) Aratro a versoio: questo è uno dei tipi di aratro più comuni e tradizionali. È costituito da una piastra metallica curva (versoio) che rotola sul terreno e seppellisce le erbacce o i residui del raccolto mentre si sposta sul campo.

(b) Aratro a scalpello: gli aratri a scalpello hanno denti lunghi con lame affilate e appuntite che penetrano nel terreno senza girarlo completamente. Sono spesso utilizzati per rompere il terreno compattato e migliorare il drenaggio.

(c) Aratro a disco: un aratro a disco è costituito da una serie di dischi metallici concavi che tagliano e ruotano il terreno. È particolarmente utile in aree con detriti pesanti o terreno sassoso.

(d) Ripuntatore: i ripuntatori sono progettati per rompere gli strati duri sotto la superficie, migliorando la penetrazione delle radici e il drenaggio.

(e) Aratro di conservazione: questo aratro è progettato per ridurre l'erosione del suolo e conservare l'umidità. Disturbano meno il terreno rispetto agli aratri convenzionali e lasciano residui colturali sulla superficie.

(3) Importanza dell'aratro: l'aratro ha svolto un ruolo importante nell'aumento della produttività agricola nel corso della storia. Girando e aerando il terreno, creano letti di semina migliori per la semina, migliorano la disponibilità dei nutrienti e aiutano a controllare le erbe infestanti. Ciò, a sua volta, porta a rese agricole più elevate e a un uso più efficiente del territorio.

(4) Aratri moderni: nell'agricoltura moderna, gli aratri sono diventati più sofisticati e sono spesso montati su trattori o altre macchine agricole, aumentandone l'efficienza e la facilità d'uso. Alcuni aratri moderni sono dotati anche di tecnologia GPS, che consente operazioni sul campo precise ed efficienti.

(5) Aratro in contesti culturali: l'aratro è significativo non solo in agricoltura ma anche in contesti culturali e letterari. È spesso associato al duro lavoro, alla perseveranza e all'avvio della cultura. La frase "rompere il terreno con l'aratro" è talvolta usata metaforicamente per iniziare una nuova impresa o esplorare un nuovo territorio.

(6) Considerazioni ambientali: sebbene gli aratri siano fondamentali nell’agricoltura, le moderne pratiche agricole sostenibili spesso danno priorità al minimo disturbo del suolo per ridurre l’erosione e mantenere la salute del suolo. Di conseguenza, in alcuni sistemi agricoli stanno diventando sempre più popolari metodi di lavorazione conservativa che prevedono meno operazioni di lavorazione.

Nel complesso, l’aratro è stato parte integrante dello sviluppo dell’agricoltura e ha svolto un ruolo importante nel plasmare la civiltà umana consentendo una produzione alimentare efficiente.

Agricultural technics[edit]

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1fertilizermaterial of natural or synthetic origin (other than liming materials) applied to soils or to plants to supply essential nutrients91Q833235
2organic agricultureproduction methods that enable environmentally friendly primary production74Q16564772
3manureorganic matter, mostly derived from animal feces, used as agricultural fertilizer65Q18571681
4hydroponicsagricultural technics for growing plants without soil using nutrients in water61Q191667121
5compostrich, moist soil composted from food scraps62Q21225482
6graftinghorticultural technique whereby tissues of plants are joined so as to continue their growth together56Q2229582
7crop rotationpractice of growing a series of dissimilar or different types of crops in the same area in sequenced seasons51Q19125831
8cuttingpiece of a plant that is used in horticulture for vegetative (asexual) propagation35Q17698221
9polycultureform of agriculture which includes simultaneous planting of several crops on the same plot24Q27391333
Σautolist gallery98512923143753239183257889999893816188414692388455149154264155659237483459139267144451273738534191816831429519avg.:  3 \ 58
(35 %)
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Science and applied technologies[edit]

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1agronomyscience and technology of producing and using plants for food, fuel, fiber, and reclamation82Q17311391
2pesticidesubstance used to destroy pests82Q1316562
3artificial selectionprocess by which humans use animal and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits58Q99574551
4weather forecastingapplication of science and technology to predict the conditions of the atmosphere for a given location and time60Q18286841
5Green Revolution (1940–1960)period of high agricultural technology transfer in the 1950s and 1960s57Q18605091
6food preservationinhibition of microbial growth in food56Q17351472
7glyphosatechemical compound48Q407232161
8agricultural scienceacademic field36Q36068458
9plant nutritionphysiologic study of the chemical elements and compounds necessary for the metabolism and normal life of plants29Q9027334
10integrated pest managementapproach for economic control of pests26Q5253092
11genetically modified cropsplants used in agriculture, the DNA of which has been modified using genetic engineering techniques24Q15034772
Σautolist gallery1184211571456139219181169118811710136317953461124109448129554327839157383381113925111158651483102102291482103391141710558avg.:  3 \ 51
(31 %)
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Society and culture[edit]

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1permacultureagriculture practices using few energy resources and human intervention55Q457262
2fair tradetrade arrangement prioritizing the well-being of workers53Q18848573
3intensive farmingvarious types of agriculture that involve higher levels of input and output per unit of agricultural land area48Q114848251
4history of agricultureaspect of history46Q95208071
5food securitycondition related to the supply and availability of food, and individuals' access to it44Q122991162
6Columbian Exchangebiological exchange across Atlantic Ocean36Q76725331
7urban agricultureagriculture in urban environments34Q119482682
8sustainable agriculturefarming relying on ecosystem services for maintenance34Q275105471
9agricultural economicsapplied field of economics29Q3963404
10environmental impact of meat productionoverview about the environmental impact of meat production23Q128846551
11environmental impact of agricultureagriculture's impact on the environment.18Q53812364
Σautolist gallery116411114224611127134916811591181135126742351112310913119162262166811551611693313326661239919111511420avg.:  3 \ 38
(23 %)
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Environmental and climate-related issues[edit]

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Description on Wikidataensim
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afamanarasastavayazbabebgbmbnbobrbscacechckbcocscvcydadedvdzeeeleoeseteuextfafffifjfofrfygagdglgngswgugvhahakhehihrhthuhyiaidieigioisitiujajvkakgkkklkmknkokskukwkylalblglilnloltlvmgmkmlmnmrmsmtmynannbnenlnnnyocomorospapiplpnbpsptqurmrnrorurwsascsdseshsiskslsnsosqsrstsusvswtatetgthtitktltrtstttwugukuruzvivowawarwowuuxhyiyoyuezazhzuΣ
Wikidata item
st.
c:
1global warmingcurrent rise in Earth's average temperature and related large-scale shifts in weather patterns121Q7942196
2floodoverflow of water that submerges land112Q8068135
3droughtextended period when a region notes a deficiency in its water supply86Q43059102
4wildfireuncontrolled fire of natural, accidental or criminal origin, which spreads over a natural or agricultural area covered by combustible vegetation73Q169950102
5deforestationremoval of forest and conversion of the land to non-forest use74Q169940145
6desertificationland degradation in which an area becomes a desert, losing its bodies of water, flora, and fauna, caused by climate change, overexploitation of soil, or other causes68Q18348161
7water pollutioncontamination of water bodies70Q18312992
8eutrophicationecosystem response to the introduction or addition of substances56Q15669841
9heat waveprolonged period of excessively hot weather54Q215864102
10soil salinizationSoil salinization happens when the salt content in soil increases above normal, naturally occurring levels35Q75483651
11effects of global warming and climate changedescribes the effects created by human caused climate change36Q143054862
12soil erosionwashing or blowing away of the top layer of soil24Q88950361
13land degradationprocess in which the value of the biophysical environment is affected by a combination of human-induced processes acting upon the land20Q349777841
14climate change and agricultureA chance for advancements and challenges to African agriculture through its effects on precipitation and average temperatures, and its influence on the effectiveness of agricultural intensification measures.20Q46593241
Σautolist gallery1411723143611038101022613151365813111014111113111124929236139118610931353610123578121217511118968936103584117813711410133111122212177610225821171153515921365135294191141849avg.:  5 \ 61
(37 %)
12032

Other challenges[edit]

Image
Wikipedia articles
Description on Wikidataensim
ple
afamanarasastavayazbabebgbmbnbobrbscacechckbcocscvcydadedvdzeeeleoeseteuextfafffifjfofrfygagdglgngswgugvhahakhehihrhthuhyiaidieigioisitiujajvkakgkkklkmknkokskukwkylalblglilnloltlvmgmkmlmnmrmsmtmynannbnenlnnnyocomorospapiplpnbpsptqurmrnrorurwsascsdseshsiskslsnsosqsrstsusvswtatetgthtitktltrtstttwugukuruzvivowawarwowuuxhyiyoyuezazhzuΣ
Wikidata item
st.
c:
1insectclass of arthropods129Q1390235
2anthraxinfection caused by Bacillus anthracis bacteria83Q129104182
3pest controlgroup of methods to control some species that are harmful to health, economy or ecology37Q23060477
4mildewfungus habit18Q122020742
Σautolist gallery43212412131232214121212342342314313131311113321241312233223331133121122122123213132122124124123111131221232322122112423133221211213267avg.:  2 \ 67
(41 %)
529

See also[edit]