Wiki99/open-source software

Wiki99 for open-source software is a Wiki99 project with theme "open-source software" (OSS).

About

Wiki99 is a Wikipedia article development model in which a team improves 99 Wikipedia articles which share a topical theme. The goal is to promote good access to basic information and common understanding in a field.

Wiki99 list

Openness concepts

	Wikipedia articles	Description on Wikidata	en	Σ	Wikidata item	st.	c:
1	open-source software	software that anyone is free to use and redistribute in its current state with a permissive licence giving a libre access to its original source code (but no necessarily to modify it)	✔	1	Q1130645	10	1
2	The Open Source Definition	document published by the Open Source Initiative, to determine whether a software license can be labeled with the open-source certification mark	✔	1	Q2367020	5
3	open source (1998–)	philosophy about free redistribution and access to a product	✔	1	Q39162	11	1
4	free software	software distributed under terms that allow users to freely run, study, change and distribute it and modified versions	✔	1	Q341	16	3
5	free and open-source software	software that is both free (as in freedom) and open-source	✔	1	Q506883	10
6	open hardware	hardware whose design documents are openly accessible to and modifiable by others	✔	1	Q159172	3	1
7	open data	data that is openly accessible and usable to others	✔	1	Q309901	13
8	Open Definition	text definition of the term 'open' in the context of open content and open data	✔	1	Q21605525	5	1
9	open access	free distribution of knowledge	✔	1	Q232932	18	5
10	open science	science that uses open practices	✔	1	Q309823	10	2
11	free content	creative work with few or no restrictions on how it may be used	✔	1	Q14075	5	1
12	Creative Commons license	family of public copyright licenses for allowing free use of a work	✔	1	Q284742	11	1
13	software as a service	software licensing and delivery model in which software is licensed on a subscription basis and is centrally hosted	✔	1	Q1254596	3
14	source-available software	software licensed to ensure access to source code	✔	1	Q56273712	4
15	copyright infringement	illegal usage of a copyrighted works	✔	1	Q647578	6	1
16	intellectual property	intangible asset consisting of ownership of ideas and processes	✔	1	Q131257	9
17	software copyright	concept of copyright applied to computer code	✔	1	Q11315264	2
18	digital rights management	technology to control access to software or digital content	✔	1	Q192532	7
19	right to repair	legal right for owners of devices and equipment to freely modify and repair products	✔	1	Q108837947	3
20	Benevolent Dictator for Life (1995–)	title given to a small number of open-source software development leaders	✔	1	Q11271	8	1
21	free rider problem	consumption of goods & services without payment	✔	1	Q499215	2
22	commons	shared resources	✔	1	Q9828451	4	1
Σ	autolist gallery		22	22	avg.:  22 \ 1 (100 %)	165	19

Software licensing

	Wikipedia articles	Description on Wikidata	en	Σ	Wikidata item	st.	c:
1	software copyright	concept of copyright applied to computer code	✔	1	Q11315264	2
2	software license		✔	1	Q207621	4
3	permissive free software license	free software license with minimal requirements about how the software can be redistributed	✔	1	Q1437937	3
4	license compatibility	the legal compatibility of the licenses of different pieces of software allowing for their joint distribution	✔	1	Q19092	2
5	proprietary software	computer software released under a license restricting use, study or redistribution	✔	1	Q218616	6
6	copyleft license	license that any redistributed derivative of the work must also fulfill (it can be free or proprietary)	✔	1	Q1139274	6
7	end-user license agreement	contract between the licensor and purchaser of a piece of software	✔	1	Q725920	4
8	GNU General Public License	series of free software licenses	✔	1	Q7603	15	2
9	Apache License	free software license scheme developed by the Apache Software Foundation	✔	1	Q616526	8	1
10	MIT License (1984–)	permissive free software license	✔	1	Q334661	16
11	BSD licenses	type of free software license, imposing minimal restrictions on the use and distribution of covered software.	✔	1	Q191307	10	2
Σ	autolist gallery		11	11	avg.:  11 \ 1 (100 %)	76	5

Concepts in software

	Wikipedia articles	Description on Wikidata	en	Σ	Wikidata item	st.	c:
1	software development	creation and maintaining of programs and applications	✔	1	Q638608	9
2	information technology	development, management, and use of computer-based information systems	✔	1	Q11661	14	2
3	source code	collection of computer instructions written using some human-readable computer language	✔	1	Q128751	13	1
4	programmer	person who writes computer software (subclass of software developer)	✔	1	Q5482740	13	1
5	software	non-tangible executable component of a computer	✔	1	Q7397	26	3
6	information and communications technology	use of integration of telecommunications and computers to access, store, transmit, and manipulate information	✔	1	Q5268834	9	2
7	programming language	language for communicating instructions to a machine	✔	1	Q9143	21	1
8	computer hardware	physical components of a computer	✔	1	Q3966	13	2
9	software maintenance	modification of a software product after delivery	✔	1	Q940053	2
10	operating system	software that manages computer hardware resources	✔	1	Q9135	19	1
11	data collection	process of gathering and measuring information	✔	1	Q4929239	7
12	web application	application that uses a web browser as a client	✔	1	Q189210	8
13	machine learning	scientific study of algorithms and statistical models that computer systems use to perform tasks without explicit instructions	✔	1	Q2539	17	2
14	data science	field of study to extract insights from data	✔	1	Q2374463	8	1
15	artificial intelligence	field of computer science that develops and studies intelligent machines	✔	1	Q11660	26	2
Σ	autolist gallery		15	15	avg.:  15 \ 1 (100 %)	205	18

Cybersecurity

	Wikipedia articles	Description on Wikidata	en	Σ	Wikidata item	st.	c:
1	computer security	the protection of computer systems and networks from theft, damage, misuse or data leak	✔	1	Q3510521	12	1
2	computer virus	type of computer program that, when executed, replicates itself by modifying other computer programs and inserting its own code	✔	1	Q485	9	2
3	cyberattack	any attempt to expose, alter, disable, destroy, steal or gain unauthorized access to or make unauthorized use of a computer system	✔	1	Q4071928	4
4	vulnerability	security weakness which allows an attacker to reduce a system's information assurance	✔	1	Q631425	9	1
5	cyberwarfare	use of technological force within cyberspace	✔	1	Q849340	5	1
6	hacker	person who uses technical knowledge to achieve a goal within a computerized system by non-standard means	✔	1	Q1487	8	1
7	bug bounty program	deals offered for reporting software bugs	✔	1	Q16848759	1
8	information security	protecting information by mitigating information risks	✔	1	Q189900	9	1
9	data breach	intentional or unintentional release of secure information to an untrusted environment	✔	1	Q1172486	6
10	zero-day	cyberattack that utilizes a recently-publicized computer software vulnerability on systems which are yet to be mitigated	✔	1	Q846726	3
11	Log4Shell	2021 software security vulnerability	✔	1	Q110068433	10
Σ	autolist gallery		11	11	avg.:  11 \ 1 (100 %)	76	7

Ethics, values, and social topics

	Wikipedia articles	Description on Wikidata	en	Σ	Wikidata item	st.	c:
1	Cyberethics	ethics of online activities	✔	1	Q5197779
2	computer ethics	philosophy concept in computing	✔	1	Q1122446	2
3	digital rights	human rights that allowing individuals to access, use, create, and publish digital media or to access and use computers, other electronic devices, or communications networks	✔	1	Q113462	7	1
4	technology policy	policies related to technology support and development in a country	✔	1	Q7692619	4
5	regulation of artificial intelligence	policy, law and regulation on the development and use of artificial intelligence	✔	1	Q96482266	4
6	smart city	urban area that uses different types of electronic Internet of things sensors to collect data and then use these data to manage assets and resources efficiently	✔	1	Q1231558	7	2
7	Internet of things	Internet-like structure connecting everyday physical objects	✔	1	Q251212	14	2
8	civic technology	technology that enables engagement, participation or enhances the relationship between the people and government by enhancing citizen communications and public decision, improving government delivery of service and infrastructure	✔	1	Q17386807	4
9	citizen science	A collaborative approach that involves members of the public in scientific research, including including nonprofessional scientists. It encompasses a wide range of activities from data collection to project design.	✔	1	Q1093434	6	1
10	acqui-hiring	practice of acquiring a company to recruit its employees (rather than for its assets or business)	✔	1	Q4674764	2
Σ	autolist gallery		10	10	avg.:  10 \ 1 (100 %)	50	6

Consumer product software names

	Wikipedia articles	Description on Wikidata	en	Σ	Wikidata item	st.	c:
1	Debian (1993–)	free Unix-like operating system	✔	1	Q7715973	43	5
2	Firefox (2002–)	free and open source web browser	✔	1	Q698	46	5
3	WordPress (2003–)	content management system	✔	1	Q13166	20	3
4	Audacity (2000–)	open-source digital audio editor and recording application	✔	1	Q191782	27	4
5	Signal (2014–)	privacy-focused encrypted messaging app	✔	1	Q19718090	32	2
6	LibreOffice (2011–)	office suite supported by the free software community	✔	1	Q10135	40	3
7	Tor	daemon and utilities for an anonymizing network	✔	1	Q202044	26	2
8	VLC media player (1996–)	free/libre and open-source cross-platform media player, streaming client, streaming media server and audio and video converter (transcoder)	✔	1	Q171477	27	4
9	Blender (1994–)	free and open-source 3D computer graphics software	✔	1	Q173136	39	4
10	GIMP (1995–)	image retouching and editing tool	✔	1	Q8038	29	3
11	Inkscape (2003–)	free vector graphics editor	✔	1	Q8041	35	4
12	Stable Diffusion (2022–)	image-generating machine learning model	✔	1	Q113660857	17	2
13	Open Source Initiative (1998–)	organization dedicated to promoting open-source software	✔	1	Q845918	15	1
Σ	autolist gallery timeline		13	13	avg.:  13 \ 1 (100 %)	396	42

Infrastructure product software names

	Wikipedia articles	Description on Wikidata	en	Σ	Wikidata item	st.	c:
1	Linux (1991–)	family of Unix-like operating systems	✔	1	Q388	28	4
2	Apache HTTP Server (1995–)	open-source web server software	✔	1	Q11354	21	1
3	MySQL (1995–)	SQL database engine software	✔	1	Q850	25	2
4	PHP (1995–)	scripting language focused on web development	✔	1	Q59	39	7
5	LAMP	software bundle	✔	1	Q191342	6	2
6	Kubernetes	software to manage containers on a server-cluster	✔	1	Q22661306	20	4
7	Node.js (2009–)	JavaScript runtime environment	✔	1	Q756100	19	1
8	GitHub (2007–)	hosting service for software projects using Git	✔	1	Q364	44	2
9	Git (2005–)	distributed version control system	✔	1	Q186055	34	2
10	GitLab (2011–)	online git source code repository host	✔	1	Q16639197	26	3
Σ	autolist gallery timeline		10	10	avg.:  10 \ 1 (100 %)	262	28

Professional product software names

	Wikipedia articles	Description on Wikidata	en	Σ	Wikidata item	st.	c:
1	Python (1991–)	general-purpose programming language	✔	1	Q28865	37	4
2	R (1993–)	programming language for statistical analysis	✔	1	Q206904	29	3
3	Julia (2009–)	high-performance dynamic programming language	✔	1	Q2613697	24	2
4	Project Jupyter (2014–)	nonprofit organization that developed and supported the interactive computing products Jupyter Notebook, JupyterHub, and JupyterLab	✔	1	Q55630549	15	1
5	Stack Overflow (2008–)	website for professional and enthusiast programmers	✔	1	Q549037	27	3
6	Docker (2013–)	open-source software for deploying and running of containerized applications	✔	1	Q15206305	28	2
7	ImageJ	image processing software	✔	1	Q1659584	12	2
Σ	autolist gallery timeline		7	7	avg.:  7 \ 1 (100 %)	172	17

Ethics

Conflict of interest disclosure

Lane Rasberry, Wikipedia user:bluerasberry, is a paid researcher at the University of Virginia who has paid other university students, university faculty and staff, and Wikipedia editors to develop the articles on this list.

Maintaining Wikipedia's standards for ethics and ethical transparency is vital to the Wiki99 project model. The Wikipedia community is strict to manage en:Wikipedia:Conflict of interest. The project coordinator user:bluerasberry is responsible for managing this.

Lane Rasberry user:bluerasberry says, "I think this is a good project design! For Wikipedia's paid-contribution disclosure, and with additional caution and sensitivity due to many thousands of previous reported problems, see the below information on conflict of interest.

Paid-contribution disclosure and disclosure of other conflict of interest

Coordinator Lane Rasberry user:bluerasberry is Wikimedian in Residence at the School of Data Science at the University of Virginia, and gets salary. More information about such staff Wikimedian roles is at Wikimedians in Residence Exchange Network.
This project is part of the University of Virginia's Democracy Initiative described at https://democracyinitiative.virginia.edu/ . This participation is informal and there is no documentation, but Rasberry may report results at a future conference for this initiative. This affiliation introduces bias in favor of concepts in democracy.
Student editing projects can introduce bias in many ways, including through the hundreds of complaints logged at en:Wikipedia:Education noticeboard. A Wiki Education Program coordinator wrote in a 2022 opinion piece in Wikipedia's newsletter, The Signpost, that despite the problems, the model of encouraging students to edit usually results in good outcomes.
This project pays student editors as research assistants. Wikipedia regulates paid editing in en:Wikipedia:Paid-contribution disclosure. Discuss on the talk page, but here are some reasons why this project is different from other paid editing projects:
- Almost all of the paid editing complaints at en:Wikipedia:Conflict of interest/Noticeboard are the promotion of products, services, organizations, or people. In this project, the topics are of general interest and do not particularly benefit any brand.
- All editors paid in this project are encouraged to provide balanced coverage, including seeking counterpoints to any perspectives, arguments from all sides, criticism and taboo information, and significant minority perspectives.
- This project applies university and academic ethics to the project. Many parts of university ethics are global and understandable by many. Additionally, to the extent that it fits, University of Virginia students are aware that they must uphold University of Virginia Honor, and that they have options for discussing ethical problems with this project with others at the university.
This project has a grant from a major foundation. We are in the process of publishing the grant proposal.

Steps to ensuring quality and openness

Before beginning a Wiki99 project’s editorial activity, organizers should list their funders publicly on their project home page.
Researchers, editors, and fellow organizers will be vetted and informed of the importance of transparency.
During the editing process, each sentence should be checked by at least one, and hopefully two people.
Throughout the project, an open WikiEducation dashboard should be used to track and measure progress for each editor and for the project as a whole.
After the project, the dashboard and home page should remain open in perpetuity, so as to make it easy to trace editorial activity back to its source.
At least once during the project, a third-party expert should be brought in to evaluate the comprehensiveness of a Wiki99 project.
All researchers, editors, and organizers involved in a Wiki99 project must disclose any potential conflicts of interest upfront. This includes financial interests, affiliations, or personal biases that might affect their work on Wikipedia articles. This information will be publicly accessible.
Our projects hope to encompass a diverse set of interests. Where possible we hope to draw on different cultural, gender, geographic, and academic backgrounds to ensure a broad and balanced viewpoint on the subjects being edited.
We will engage with the wider Wikipedia community and consider soliciting feedback from the public or other Wikipedia editors.

Neutrality

Editors in this project must uphold "neutrality". Neutrality can have many meanings and editors can practice it in various ways. In this project, the strategy for achieving neutrality is as follows:

The project is open to public discussion on the talk page at Talk:Wiki99/open-source software. Complaints and comments go here.
Editing in the project happens in the model of the en:Wikipedia:Education program. In this model, a university professor has each student in a class select a topic around a theme. Each student does their own research to identify the best sources of information for that topic. They draft the best information they can while citing those sources. They then post the content to Wikipedia under the professor's oversight.
Student editors discuss the hazards of conflict of interest as described below.
The Wiki99 for Open-Source Software team coordinator, user:bluerasberry, is responsible for seeking additional community review.